Uganda

Uganda的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions. The U.S. CDC recommends the cholera vaccine for travellers who are 18-64 years of age and who plan to travel to areas of active cholera transmission. CDC notes that most travellers do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission, and that safe food and water practices can prevent many cholera infections.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.

腦膜炎疫苗

Because this country is located in the sub-Saharan meningitis belt, vaccination against meningitis is recommended if travelling during the dry season (December to June).

黃熱病疫苗

The yellow fever vaccination is recommended for all travellers 9 months of age or older. In addition, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

Uganda的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended anti-malaria medication includes atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine is present.

Uganda要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Uganda through contaminated food or water. 

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Uganda.

Cholera

Cholera may occur in Uganda.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever may occur in Uganda.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever may occur in this country.

對於一些旅行者

Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

Sporadic outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) may occur in this country. Commonly spread via contact with domesticated animals infected with the virus. These include cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, among others.

Measles

There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.

West Nile Fever

The virus is transmitted to animals, birds and humans by mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, tiredness, body aches, nausea, and skin rash.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

Marburg Haemorrhagic Fever

Marburg hemorrhagic fever is caused by touching infected animals or their body fluids ; touching body fluids (blood or sweat) from an infected person or objects contaminated with the body fluids of a person infected with Ebola or Marburg virus.

Ebola Viral Disease

There is a risk of ebola in this country. Ebola is caused by coming into contact with the body fluids from an infected person (alive or dead), such as blood, urine, saliva, and sweat, among others. Medical equipment contaminated with the boly fluids of an infected person or a person who died of Ebola or Marburg also cause the disease.

African Tick Bite Fever

This disease may occur in this country. Ticks that cause this disease are usually most active from November through April. Travellers engaging in outdoor activities such as camping, hiking, and game hunting in wooded, brushy, or grassy areas may be at a higher risk.

Malaria

All areas of Uganda are at high risk, including urban areas.

Yellow Fever

There is a risk of exposure to and infection with yellow fever in Uganda.

Tuberculosis

Travellers to Uganda are at significant risk for tuberculosis if visiting friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Meningitis

Meningitis occurs in Uganda. Travellers who visit during the dry season (December-June) or expect to have prolonged contact with the local population are especially at risk.

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever occurs with some frequency in Uganda, especially in the cattle corridor, which is a strip of land spanning across 18 districts, from the southwest to the northeast of the country.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Uganda, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis occurs in Uganda. It is usually more common in rural than urban areas, and the risk of acquiring leishmaniasis is increased in travellers who spend time outdoors in rural areas and at night, when sand flies typically feed.

Zika Fever

Zika fever occurs in this country.

Schistosomiasis

The parasite that causes schistosomiasis is found in Uganda. It is acquired through contact with fresh water, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis. In a 2018 study conducted by Makerere University School of Public Health found that 29% of 40 million Ugandans are infected with this disease.

Sleeping Sickness (Type 1)

This disease only occurs in rural Uganda. It is transmitted through the bite of infected tsetse flies, which live in the woodlands and thickets of the savannah and in the dense vegetation along streams. Travellers to urban areas are not at risk.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Uganda中的安全性

人身安全

2024 年至 2023 年間，烏幹達整體犯罪率下降了 4.1%，通報案件數從 228,074 起降至 218,715 起。然而，您仍面臨多種犯罪類型的實際風險。竊盜佔所有通報犯罪的 28%，2024 年為 61,529 起。這些事件主要發生在坎帕拉、金賈和恩德培等城市地區。 2024 年，搶劫案增加了 5%，達到 8,163 起，犯罪分子使用更複雜的方法，尤其是在針對企業和旅行者時。 2024 年，兇殺案增加了 1.9%，達到 4,329 起。由於資源限制，警方的應對能力仍然有限。您可能會遇到犯罪分子從停在交通中的車輛中偷竊。摩的（Boda-bodas）尤其危險，因為外國人曾經遭遇過涉及暴力和武器的搶劫事件。旅客在公共交通工具和酒吧也遭遇下藥和搶劫。隨著犯罪活動從實體手段轉向技術手段，金融詐欺和網路犯罪日益猖獗。犯罪率高達每十萬人476人。儘管針對遊客的犯罪綁架和武裝攻擊事件仍然很少發生，但有組織犯罪集團仍在該國活動。 2024年，經濟犯罪和貪腐案件數量上升了1.6%，達到13,132起，反映出貪污、賄賂和濫用職權等問題依然存在。

極端暴力

民主同盟軍是一個與 ISIS 有關的組織，在剛果民主共和國活動，構成了活躍的恐怖主義威脅。 2023 年 10 月，兩名遊客和他們的烏幹達導遊在伊麗莎白女王國家公園被殺。 2023 年 6 月，民主同盟軍武裝分子襲擊了剛果民主共和國邊境附近姆蓬德韋的一所學校，造成 42 人死亡，其中包括 38 名學生。 2023 年 12 月，該組織還在 Kyabandara 殺害了 10 人，在 Nyabitusi 殺害了 3 人。 2021 年，坎帕拉發生自殺式爆炸，造成 4 人死亡，33 人受傷，另有 2 枚爆炸裝置被警方拆除。該組織不僅在坎帕拉等地發動恐怖攻擊，還在剛果民主共和國邊境附近針對平民發動了更大規模的軍事攻擊。儘管烏幹達和剛果民主共和國於 2021 年開始聯合軍事行動，但襲擊仍在繼續。安全部隊逮捕了多名疑似民主同盟軍成員，包括2023年11月被控攻擊伊莉莎白女王國家公園的阿卜杜勒·拉希德·基奧特。據烏幹達當局稱，自「舒賈行動」啟動以來，已有567名伊斯蘭國-剛果民主共和國武裝分子被擊斃。 2023年發生了多起恐怖事件，安全部隊阻止了多起攻擊陰謀的實施。恐怖主義案件從2023年的15起上升到2024年的26起。靠近剛果民主共和國的西部邊境地區，包括國家公園週邊地區，仍容易遭受跨境襲擊。坎帕拉的安全行動仍在繼續，2025年6月，蒙尼奧尼奧天主教堂附近發生了爆炸。

政治動盪

2026 年 1 月總統大選臨近，政治緊張局勢加劇。前兩輪選舉都出現了以暴力為特徵的大規模示威活動。安全部隊多次對抗議者使用致命武力，這引發了人們對即將舉行的選舉中類似行動的擔憂。 2024 年 7 月，警方在坎帕拉拘留了至少 45 名抗議腐敗的人，抗議者要求議長辭職並降低議員薪水。執政近四十年的穆塞韋尼總統警告抗議者，他們在玩火。大批警力和軍隊駐紮，造成了堪稱戰區的局面。 2024 年 5 月至 8 月期間，當局逮捕了 100 多名抗議大型石油計畫的環保人士。 2023 年，警方逮捕了 11 名反對貪腐醜聞的示威活動人士和 11 名抗議警察暴行的反對派女議員。選舉前夕，政治團體舉行的示威活動仍難以預測，並具有潛在危險。安全部隊持續限制言論和集會自由，尤其限制批評政府人士和政治反對派的言論自由。在動亂期間，通往議會和其他政府管轄區域的道路經常被封鎖。當局對就各種問題表達關切的活動人士、反對派成員和人權捍衛者進行鎮壓。腐敗、公共服務不足以及土地和自然資源管理不善等問題引發的爭議日益加劇，加劇了民眾的普遍不滿。選舉引發了與政治不確定性、工資談判、高昂的商品價格、停電和升息相關的抗議和罷工。

應避免的區域

避開南蘇丹邊境50公里以內的地區，因為那裡有土匪活動和叛亂團體的跨境攻擊。邊境防線鬆散，犯罪貿易和流動頻繁。烏幹達東北部的卡拉莫賈地區，包括卡邦、科蒂多、阿比姆、莫羅托、納帕克、納卡皮里皮里特、卡塔奎、阿穆達特、卡普喬瓦、奎恩和布克沃等縣，經常發生牲畜盜竊、暴力犯罪、武裝衝突和土匪活動。安全行動中，軍人和平民喪生。偷牛的武裝攻擊和與牲畜交易相關的搶劫時有發生，有些甚至導致人員死亡。在特索和阿喬利分區，卡拉莫賈鄰近的地區曾發生過造成多人死亡的搶劫事件。剛果民主共和國邊界50公里以內的地區面臨聯合軍事行動的風險，以及剛果民主共和國東部不穩定局勢的潛在蔓延。剛果民主共和國邊境附近的西部地區本迪布焦、恩托羅科和卡塞塞存在因族裔和部落緊張局勢而爆發暴力事件的可能性。卡塞塞鎮西南地區，從剛果民主共和國邊境的基亞比克雷向東延伸至 A109 公路，向南延伸至伊麗莎白女王國家公園，風險較高。烏幹達西部有發生族裔間暴力衝突的歷史。 M23 武裝團體控制剛果民主共和國一側基索羅區的布納加納和基塔戈馬-布札納過境點。伊麗莎白女王國家公園在 2023 年遭受了致命襲擊。安全行動要求旅客在穿越從艾伯特湖到盧安達邊境以及卡拉莫賈地區的地區時遵守加強的規定。偏遠地區缺乏緊急醫療和汽車維修服務。由於政治緊張局勢，盧安達-烏幹達邊境可能會在未經通知的情況下關閉。