India

India的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country. Therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country. Therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions. The U.S. CDC recommends the cholera vaccine for travellers who plan to travel to areas of active cholera transmission. CDC notes that most travellers do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission, and that safe food and water practices can prevent many cholera infections.

黃熱病疫苗

All travellers 6 months of age or older arriving by air or sea without a yellow fever vaccination certificate can be detained in isolation for up to 6 days if that person (1) arrives within 6 days of departure from an area with risk of yellow fever transmission, or (2) has been in such an area in transit (except those passengers and members of the crew who, while in transit through an airport situated in an area with risk of yellow fever transmission, remained within the airport premises during the period of their entire stay and the Health Officer agrees to such exemption), or (3) arrives on a ship that started from or touched at any port in an area with risk of yellow fever transmission up to 30 days before its arrival in India, unless such a ship has been disinsected in accordance with the procedure laid down by WHO, or (4) arrives on an aircraft that has been in an area with risk of yellow fever transmission and has not been disinsected in accordance with the Indian Aircraft Public Health Rules, 1954, or as recommended by WHO. The following are regarded as countries and areas with risk of yellow fever transmission: Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Côte dʼIvoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, South Sudan, Togo, and Uganda. America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad (Trinidad only), and Venezuela (the Bolivarian Republic of). Note: When a case of yellow fever is reported from any country, that country is regarded by the Government of India as a country with a risk of yellow fever transmission and is added to the above list.

脊髓灰質炎疫苗

There is no risk of polio in this country. However, proof of polio vaccination may be necessary for travellers from Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Syrian Arab Republic.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in India for more than 3 months.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities and rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

日本腦炎疫苗

Vaccination for Japanese encephalitis is recommended for all travellers to India between May and November, especially those whose travel is limited to the following states where there is a risk of aquiring the disease - Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Haryana, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal. Travellers should consult their physician to determine if this vaccine is needed for their itinerary.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

India的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Anti-malarial medication is recommended for travel to all areas of India ,excluding areas above 2,000 meters (6,561 feet) in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu, Kashmir, and Sikkim. The cities of Delhi and Mumbai are also at risk for malaria. Most cases of malaria are reported from Orissa, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Karnataka. Recommended anti-malaria medication includes atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine is present.

India要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya occurs in India.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever outbreaks occur in India, particularly urban and semi-rural areas in the north-central states, with fewer cases in the western states.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in India through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.

Cholera

Cholera outbreaks occur in India. The risk to travellers is low unless living or working in poor sanitary conditions, drinking untreated water or eating poorly cooked or raw seafood in this country.

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in India.

對於一些旅行者

Schistosomiasis

The parasite that causes schistosomiasis only occurs in Ratnagiri district.

Measles

There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

Zika Fever

Zika fever may occur in India. Pregnant women should reconsider travel to this country.

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever has recently occurred in northern India.

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis occurs in rural India, especially in the state of Bihar.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in India, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Yellow Fever

There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. However, the Indian Government requires proof of vaccination for travellers over 6 months of age arriving from an area with a risk of yellow fever transmission. For details of certificate requirements, see Yellow Fever Vaccination.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in the India. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Tuberculosis

Travellers to India are at risk for tuberculosis, including multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, if visiting ill friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Japanese encephalitis

The affected areas include all states except Arunāchal, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Gujarat, Himachal, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan and Sikkim, and Lakshadweep islands. Urban cases have been reported. The transmission seasons are: Goa: May to October Tamil Nadu: October to January Karnataka: August to December. A second peak occurs April to June in the Mandya District. Andhra Pradesh: September to December North India: July to December The risk for travellers of contracting Japanese encephalitis is low, but visiting the listed areas and extensive outdoor activity in rural areas will increase this risk.

Malaria

There is a risk of malaria throughout the country, including the cities of Bombay (Mumbai) and New Delhi (the capital), the states of Assam and Orissa; the districts of East Godavari, Srikakulam, Vishakhapatnam and Vizianagaram in the state of Andhra Pradesh; and the districts of Balaghat, Dindori, Mandla and Seoni in the state of Madhya Pradesh. There is no malaria transmission in areas >2,000 m (≈6,500 ft) elevation in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, or Sikkim.

India中的安全性

人身安全

輕微犯罪是遊客最關心的問題。扒手、搶包和錢包竊盜在火車、巴士、機場和主要旅遊區頻頻發生。竊賊操作嫻熟，有時會剪斷皮帶或割開錢包而不被發現。機場、火車站和熱門景點經常發生針對遊客的詐騙，通常涉及虛假的交通優惠、高價酒店或突然改道。護照竊盜案時有發生。直接針對外國人的暴力犯罪相對少見，但報告顯示近年來略有增加。當地警方對遊客投訴的反應可能並非總是同情。飯店房間竊盜時有發生。信用卡和ATM詐騙時有發生，尤其是在監控不力的機器上。有報道稱遊客被引誘、劫持為人質和勒索。包括攻擊和謀殺在內的嚴重犯罪曾在個別事件中影響外國遊客，但與財產犯罪相比，這些事件仍然很少見。

極端暴力

恐怖主義影響到查謨和克什米爾、東北部各邦以及印度中部和南部部分地區。 2023 年，查謨和克什米爾發生了 94 起恐怖主義事件，造成 117 人死亡。中部地區與毛派有關的暴力事件造成平民、安全部隊和涉嫌叛亂分子共 150 人死亡。活躍的組織包括 ISIS、虔誠軍、穆罕默德軍、聖戰者組織和印度共產黨（毛派）。攻擊的目標是安全設施、政府官員和平民，使用簡易爆炸裝置、伏擊和武裝攻擊。遊客通常不會成為目標，但可能會成為旁觀者。 2025 年 4 月，帕哈爾加姆襲擊事件造成 26 名平民死亡，其中大多數是專門針對的印度教遊客。孟買經歷過多次恐怖攻擊，包括 2008 年的飯店和地標建築圍攻事件。主要飯店和交通樞紐的安全措施已加強，但餐廳、市場、購物中心和旅遊區仍可能在毫無預警的情況下遭遇攻擊。東北各邦偶爾會發生少數民族叛亂團體對公共汽車、火車和市場的爆炸事件。納薩爾派團體活動於馬哈拉施特拉邦東部、特倫甘納邦北部和西孟加拉邦西部，襲擊農村地區的警察和政府目標。大多數恐怖事件集中在遠離典型旅遊路線的衝突地區。

政治動盪

示威、罷工和群眾集會頻繁，並可能迅速演變成暴力事件。宗教儀式和大型集會期間發生的踩踏事件已造成人員傷亡。地方當局可能會在短時間內實施宵禁和行動限制。與政治事件、宗教節日和種姓緊張局勢有關的抗議活動時有發生。 2025年9月，拉達克地區要求建邦和憲法保護的抗議活動演變成致命事件，警方開槍造成4人死亡，數十人受傷。自2021年以來，拉達克地區持續不斷的示威活動包括絕食抗議和大規模遊行。該地區經歷了自1980年代末以來最嚴重的暴力事件。自2023年5月以來，曼尼普爾邦一直面臨暴力種族衝突，造成大面積流離失所、傷亡和頻繁宵禁。動亂期間，網路和行動服務被暫停。自2024年2月以來，旁遮普邦和哈里亞納邦的農民舉行了大規模抗議活動，設置路障封鎖邊境，並遭到警方的催淚瓦斯和橡皮子彈的襲擊。即使是和平示威也可能毫無預警地升級。在宗教節日重疊期間，印度教和穆斯林社區之間的社區暴力事件增加。近期印度和加拿大之間的緊張關係引發了反加拿大抗議活動的呼聲。旅遊景點附近的道路有時會在示威期間被封鎖，運送遊客的車輛也遭到攻擊。

應避免的區域

除拉達克東部和列城外，請勿前往查謨和克什米爾地區。恐怖主義、綁架和暴力騷亂時有發生。包括斯利那加、古爾瑪爾格和帕哈加姆在內的旅遊區時有暴力事件發生。外國遊客無法進入與巴基斯坦控制線沿線的某些地區。由於武裝衝突風險、地雷和跨境砲擊，請避開印巴邊境10公里以內的地區。阿塔里-瓦加過境點已關閉。避開曼尼普爾邦。自2023年以來持續的民族衝突已造成大規模暴力事件、流離失所和人員傷亡。宵禁、交通中斷和網路中斷頻傳。政府目標經常遭到攻擊。在受納薩爾派影響的地區要謹慎，這些地區包括馬哈拉施特拉邦東部、特倫甘納邦北部、恰蒂斯加爾邦、賈坎德邦以及西孟加拉邦、奧迪沙邦、比哈爾邦、中央邦、安得拉邦和北方邦的部分地區。這些農村地區遭受警察、準軍事部隊和政府官員的攻擊。截至 2025 年，七個邦的 18 個地區仍然受到影響，低於先前的 90 個地區。包括阿薩姆邦和那加蘭邦部分地區在內的一些東北部邦經歷了叛亂暴力事件，儘管最近的報告顯示許多地區的活動減少。奧迪沙邦和安達曼-尼科巴群島的某些部落地區要求外國遊客遵守安全和行政準則。阿魯納恰爾邦部分地區、拉達克控制線附近的部分地區以及某些東北地區必須持有限制區許可證。由於遊客數量眾多，果阿邦的機會犯罪增加，近年來報告了包括性侵犯在內的嚴重事件。