Republic of North Macedonia
關於Republic of North Macedonia
| 貨幣 | Macedonian denar (MKD) |
| 語言 | Maacedonian |
| 資本金 | Skopje |
The Republic of North Macedonia is situated in southeastern Europe, north of Greece in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula, with a population of just over 2 million people. The government is a parliamentary democracy with a president as chief of state and a prime minister as head of government.
Although Macedonia is a young state, the ancient Macedonian civilization thrived in this area between 7000 and 2500 BCE, peaking under Alexander III the Great. In 1912, Greece, Serbia, and Bulgaria joined with the Macedonians to defeat the Turkish army in Macedonia. Conflict over boundaries continued until after World War I when the present-day area of Macedonia was incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes.
During World War II, Italy and Bulgaria occupied Macedonia. After the war, the country became one of the republics of the new Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
With the demise of communism in Eastern Europe late in the 20th century, Macedonia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in late 1991 while avoiding ethnic violence that plagued the Balkans in the early 1990s. However, Macedonia has a significant Albanian minority, and the independence of neighbouring Kosovo continues to create ethnic tension in the area.
Tourism is a promising area of growth for Macedonia’s economy. At this time, the country is an “unspoiled,” off-the-beaten-path destination for those interested in wine country, national parks and nature reserves, historical towns, churches, and monasteries.
Republic of North Macedonia的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country. The vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
There is a risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country. The vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Republic of North Macedonia的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Republic of North Macedonia的建議。
Republic of North Macedonia要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Macedonia through contaminated food or water.
Hepatitis B
There is a risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Macedonia.
對於一些旅行者
Leishmaniasis
There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites, particularly between dusk to dawn. Adventure tourists, outdoor athletes, or humanitarian aid workers are at a higher risk.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with an infected person.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Measles
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Republic of North Macedonia中的安全性
人身安全
北馬其頓遊客遭遇輕微犯罪的風險較低至中等。扒手和搶包主要發生在擁擠的觀光區，尤其是斯科普里市中心的步行區、老市集、購物區和公共交通樞紐。有時，孩子們會合夥分散注意力並扒竊受害者。針對外國人的攻擊極為罕見。有組織犯罪集團在該國活動，尤其是在靠近科索沃邊境的北部地區，偶爾會發生槍擊事件，包括在斯科普里。這些事件通常涉及刑事糾紛，並非針對遊客。人們有時會在慶祝活動期間開槍，也發生過流彈傷人事件。自 2022 年底以來，一直有炸彈威脅的報道，但均為虛驚一場。主要城市可能發生入室盜竊。信用卡和 ATM 詐欺時有發生。在錯誤的時間出現在錯誤的地點的風險確實存在，但針對旅行者的暴力犯罪仍然很少。
極端暴力
2021、2022 和 2023 年北馬其頓沒有發生恐怖事件。該國面臨的恐怖主義威脅等級為中低至中等。當局評估主要風險來自先前從敘利亞和伊拉克遣返的外國恐怖主義戰鬥人員，估計近年來有 143 名公民前往加入恐怖組織。截至 2023 年，據信只有四名成年人留在敘利亞東北部的一個流離失所者營地。國家委員會估計，其中 38 名旅行者被殺，79 人返回北馬其頓。當局對恐怖分子嫌疑人進行了突襲，並判處返回的戰鬥人員監禁，2023 年判處的最長總刑期為 18 年。 2020 年，當局逮捕了涉嫌策劃國內恐怖攻擊的個人。其中一些被捕者是慣犯，曾因與恐怖主義有關的罪行服刑。雖然風險確實存在，但恐怖攻擊仍然是一個理論上的擔憂，而不是旅行者當前的現實。
政治動盪
北馬其頓偶爾會發生抗議活動，並可能造成混亂。最近一次大規模抗議活動發生在 2025 年 3 月，起因是科查尼一家夜總會發生火災，造成 59 人死亡，150 多人受傷，引發了全國性的示威活動，要求問責、透明和系統改革，以解決腐敗和安全疏忽問題。數千人在斯科普里和其他城市遊行。 2025 年初，一起涉及一名年輕女子的致命交通事故引發了抗議活動，示威者組成了「誰是下一個」運動，要求進行司法改革並結束對危險駕駛者的有罪不罰現象。 2024 年，在阿爾巴尼亞主要政黨淪為反對黨後，民族關係緊張加劇，11 月阿爾巴尼亞國旗日發生了焚燒國旗和在斯科普里聽到槍聲等事件。 2022 年，與保加利亞進行歐盟加入談判引發了抗議活動。斯科普里和其他主要城市過去曾發生暴力抗議活動，包括2021年因恐怖主義判決而爆發的衝突以及2016年的大規模反政府示威活動。種族間暴力事件可能發生在任何地方，尤其是在與科索沃接壤的地區，那裡的馬其頓族和阿爾巴尼亞族社區之間存在著緊張關係。這些邊境地區的安全局勢依然動盪不安。出於政治動機的內亂可能演變成暴力事件。
應避免的區域
避開科索沃邊境地區，這些地區安全局勢動盪，馬其頓族和阿爾巴尼亞族社區之間的關係緊張。有組織犯罪集團在靠近科索沃邊境的北部地區尤為活躍，走私和其他犯罪活動也活躍在科索沃和阿爾巴尼亞交界地區。儘管種族暴力事件很少發生，但在該國某些地區仍可能發生。在斯科普里市中心步行區、老巴扎、特爾戈夫斯基購物中心、河濱和舊城區，請保持警惕，因為這些地方扒手和搶包賊尤其猖獗。有時，成群的流浪兒童會聚集在擁擠的公共場所和旅遊景點，對遊客進行扒手。在斯科普里，最好避開位於克爾斯特·佩特科夫·米西爾科夫大道和貝拉西察之間的河北岸地帶。在奧赫里德湖，日落後的湖灘常發生小偷小摸事件。山間小徑並非總是有標記，天氣狀況瞬息萬變，為健行者帶來風險。避開四月至十月期間發生野火的地區，並避開夜間偏僻或光線昏暗的地區。
