Burundi

Burundi的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.

脊髓灰質炎疫苗

Travellers who intend to visit this country for 4 weeks or more are recommended to take a polio vaccination at least 4 weeks to 12 months prior to arrival in the country. Unvaccinated travellers may have to take the vaccine upon arrival at the entry ports. Childhood vaccinations, including polio, should be up-to-date prior to travel.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions. The U.S. CDC recommends the cholera vaccine for travellers who are 18-64 years of age and who plan to travel to areas of active cholera transmission. CDC notes that most travellers do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission, and that safe food and water practices can prevent many cholera infections.

狂犬病疫苗

Pre-travel vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) since they may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Persons with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

黃熱病疫苗

This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers **9 months** of age or older.

Burundi的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended anti-malaria medications include atovaquone-proguanil, mefloquine or doxycycline. Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxime-pyrimethamine has been reported.

Burundi要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Burundi through contaminated food or water.

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Burundi.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.

Cholera

Cholera outbreaks occur in Burundi. The risk to travellers is low unless living or working in poor sanitary conditions, drinking untreated water or visiting remote areas.

Dengue Fever

Outbreaks of dengue fever may occur.

對於一些旅行者

Measles

There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

There is a risk of acquiring Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in this country through specific insect, bug or tick bites or by coming in close contact with a person or animal infected with this disease. Travellers involved in activities like hiking, camping, working with animals, and visiting farms and forested areas are at a higher risk. There are no vaccinations (or medications) to prevent Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever.

Sleeping Sickness (Type 1)

African trypanosomiasis occurs in this country. Travellers to urban areas are not at risk.

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites, particularly between dusk to dawn. Adventure tourists, outdoor athletes, or humanitarian aid workers are at a higher risk.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

West Nile Fever

The virus is transmitted to animals, birds and humans by mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, tiredness, body aches, nausea, and skin rash.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

Sporadic outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) may occur in this country. Commonly spread via contact with domesticated animals infected with the virus. These include cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, among others.

African Tick Bite Fever

This disease may occur in this country. Ticks that cause this disease are usually most active from November through April. Travellers engaging in outdoor activities such as camping, hiking, and game hunting in wooded, brushy, or grassy areas may be at a higher risk.

Polio

Vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 was detected in this country, with the potential risk of global circulation. Unvaccinated or under-vaccinated travellers are at a higher risk if they come in direct contact with an infected person or through contaminated food and water, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas with poor hygiene standards.

Zika Fever

Sporadic cases of this disease may occur in this country.

Meningitis

Burundi lies within the sub-Saharan meningitis belt. Sporadic cases and outbreaks of this disease may occur in this country.

Malaria

All areas of Burundi are at risk for malaria.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in Burundi. Travellers to Burundi are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Burundi, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Yellow Fever

There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in all areas of this country. This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 9 months of age or older.

Schistosomiasis

This disease is present in Burundi and is acquired through contact with fresh water, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in Burundi. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Burundi中的安全性

人身安全

布隆迪犯罪率高，全國各地暴力事件頻繁。您面臨武裝搶劫、持槍或持刀行兇、搶包、扒竊、入室盜竊、破門行竊和武裝劫車的風險。手榴彈攻擊很常見，主要針對布瓊布拉的人群聚集區，包括 2024 年 5 月 10 日在布瓊布拉市中心發生的兩起針對公車站的攻擊。這些攻擊可能是犯罪集團所為，也可能出於政治動機。布隆迪的犯罪率很高。即使在布瓊布拉市中心，也應避免在天黑後在街上行走或搭乘大眾運輸工具。警察和軍事檢查站很常見，會限制行動。您可能會遇到官方和非官方的路障。攜帶護照和簽證的複印件，但您可能需要出示正本。晚上，布瓊布拉的出入由警察控制。當地警察缺乏有效應對犯罪的資源和訓練。您應該避免參加所有大型集會、抗議和示威活動，因為它們可能會演變成暴力事件。

極端暴力

武裝團體對布隆迪西部構成重大威脅。以剛果民主共和國為基地的紅新月會-塔巴拉武裝團體自2023年底以來再次發動攻擊。 2023年12月至2024年2月期間，在布隆迪西部邊境地區發生的兩次攻擊中，造成至少28人死亡，其中包括11名兒童。 2023年12月22日，在靠近剛果民主共和國邊境的武吉佐附近發生的襲擊中，造成至少20人死亡。 2024年2月，在布班札省的布林加，包括6名婦女和1名士兵在內的9人被殺。紅新月會-塔巴拉的襲擊以平民為目標。 2024年4月和5月，布瓊布拉發生至少三起手榴彈爆炸，造成至少38人受傷。執政黨青年聯盟遠望者（Imbonerakure）參與了殺戮、任意拘留、毆打和騷擾反對派嫌疑人的行為。他們繼續對民眾實施虐待，幾乎完全不受懲罰。武裝人員和團體利用布隆迪、盧安達和剛果民主共和國之間漏洞百出的邊境和森林地帶進行活動。全國各地的公共場所經常發現有暴力痕跡的屍體。 2024年1月至8月，光是在錫比托克省就發現了85具屍體。

政治動盪

自2015年以來，布隆迪政局持續動盪。全國各地都存在著發生政治暴力的可能性。執政黨鞏固了對機構的控制，並持續壓制反對派、獨立媒體和民間社會。在2025年6月舉行的立法和地方選舉中，執政黨贏得了96.5%的選票，儘管有報告稱其存在恐嚇、騷擾和選舉違規行為。主要反對黨實際上已被邊緣化。遠望者青年聯盟（Imbonerakure）作為地方執法部門和軍隊的輔助力量，參與毆打、騷擾、任意拘留和殺害疑似反對派人士。政府官員和執政黨成員使用煽動性言論壓制異議。據報道，針對民間社會成員、獨立媒體和被視為反政府人士的任意逮捕、拘留和強迫失蹤事件屢見不鮮。 2024年1月至6月期間，共記錄了34起強迫失蹤案件，主要涉及政治反對黨成員。警察和軍事檢查站隨處可見，警察可能會搜查私人住宅以尋找武器。邊境可能會在未經通知的情況下關閉。由於叛亂組織支持引發緊張局勢，布隆迪於2024年1月關閉了與盧安達的陸地邊界。示威活動和群眾集會偶爾發生，尤其是在布瓊布拉，並有可能演變成暴力事件。

應避免的區域

避開錫比托克省和布班扎省、基比拉國家公園和魯西齊河以西的布瓊布拉鄉村省地區，因為這些地區可能受到來自剛果民主共和國的武裝襲擊。美國政府僱員未經特別許可不得前往這些地區。位於布瓊布拉 Chaussee Prince Louis Rwagasore 的前中央市場地區有暴力犯罪的風險。 2024 年 5 月 10 日，該地區的公車站遭到手榴彈攻擊。請考慮是否有必要前往該地區。與剛果民主共和國接壤的邊境地區容易發生武裝暴力。剛果民主共和國東部戰鬥的加劇可能會透過附近的潛在戰鬥以及軍隊和難民的流動影響到邊境布隆迪一側的人民。剛果民主共和國邊境附近的安全局勢不穩定，有跨國攻擊的風險。在遊客常去的地區發生了地雷爆炸。布班扎省的 RN5 公路一直是襲擊事件的發生地，2023 年 9 月，叛軍殺害了兩人。布隆迪全國的安全局勢不穩定，針對個人的暴力攻擊事件頻繁。