Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in Sri Lanka for more than 3 months.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.

日本腦炎疫苗

Short-term travellers and those who restrict their visits to urban areas are at very low risk. Those at higher risk are travellers who visit or work in rural agricultural areas such as rice fields and marshland. Long-term travellers and expatriates are also at higher risk. Vaccination is recommended for persons at higher risk.

黃熱病疫苗

The yellow fever vaccination is not recommended for this country. However, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 9 months of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Sri Lanka的推薦藥物

目前沒有針對Sri Lanka的建議。

Sri Lanka要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Dengue Fever

Outbreaks of dengue fever may occur.

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Sri Lanka.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Sri Lanka through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.

對於一些旅行者

Measles

There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites, particularly between dusk to dawn. Adventure tourists, outdoor athletes, or humanitarian aid workers are at a higher risk.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

Japanese encephalitis

All areas are affected except the mountainous regions. The transmission season is October to January, with a secondary peak from May to June.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Sri Lanka, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Yellow Fever

There is no risk of yellow fever transmission. However, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 9 months of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in Sri Lanka. Travellers to Sri Lanka are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in Sri Lanka. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Sri Lanka中的安全性

人身安全

輕微犯罪是遊客最擔心的問題。扒手和搶劫包袋常發生在人流密集的場所、市場、公共交通和旅遊景點。竊賊有時會用刀割遊客的包包。飯店和賓館偶爾會通報竊盜事件。在酒吧和社交場所，有人會在飲料中下藥，這會導致搶劫，有時甚至造成攻擊。切勿將飲料放在無人看管的地方，也不要接受陌生人的飲料。針對遊客的暴力犯罪仍然很少見，但近年來略有增加。針對遊客的詐騙很常見，尤其是在科倫坡。嘟嘟車司機可能會建議繞道前往商店或香料園，從中賺取佣金。搭乘沒有計價器的車輛前，務必先商量車費。信用卡詐騙時有發生，因此請僅在正規商家使用信用卡。關於已關閉景點或服務的虛假資訊常常會導致遊客上當受騙。

極端暴力

2023 年未發生恐怖事件。 2019 年復活節星期日發生的襲擊事件造成科倫坡、尼甘布和拜提卡洛阿的教堂和酒店超過 250 人死亡，這是最近發生的重大事件。此後，當局加強了反恐能力。政府取消了襲擊後對先前指定的穆斯林組織的限制。安全部隊保持明顯存在，特別是在北部和東部地區。 1983 年至 2009 年內戰期間留下的地雷仍然存在，面積約 23 平方公里。大多數地雷已被清除，但北部和東部地區仍然存在危險。地雷最集中的地區是北部地區，那裡森林茂密，地形崎嶇。骷髏和交叉骨頭的警告標誌標記危險區域。白色標記表示已清理的土地。避免在這些地區偏離常用的道路、軌道和小路行駛。

政治動盪

2022 年，由於經濟危機，爆發了大規模抗議活動，導致總統戈塔巴雅·拉賈帕克薩逃離該國。阿拉加拉亞運動從 2022 年 3 月到 7 月帶來了大規模示威活動。抗議者佔領了科倫坡的一些場所，並短暫佔領了政府大樓。警方使用水砲、催淚瓦斯和武力驅散人群。 2022 年 5 月的衝突造成 150 多人受傷，至少 5 人死亡。政府在動亂期間實施了緊急狀態、宵禁並封鎖了社群媒體。拉賈帕克薩辭職後上任的總統拉尼爾·維克勒馬辛哈動用安全部隊鎮壓了抗議活動。數十名抗議者根據《防止恐怖主義法》被捕。抗議領導人面臨騷擾和拘留。到 2023 年，示威活動有所減少，但仍斷斷續續。工會因經濟政策、增稅和國際貨幣基金組織的貸款條件而罷工。銀行、醫療、教育、鐵路運輸和港口產業都出現了罷工。新總統阿努拉·庫馬拉·迪薩納亞克於2024年9月當選。示威活動可能在短時間內爆發，有時甚至演變成暴力事件。安全部隊可能會使用催淚瓦斯和水砲。公共緊急狀態和宵禁可能會突然宣布。

應避免的區域

北部和東部省份存在內戰遺留的地雷和未爆彈。北部省份的地雷和未爆彈密度最高。茂密的森林和崎嶇的地形使這些地區特別危險。軍隊在北部和東部（包括賈夫納半島）保持著強大的存在。檢查站和道路可能會突然關閉。請避免在這些地區進行越野旅行。 2024年10月，安全警訊警示阿魯加姆灣的旅遊景點有威脅。當局為此增加了軍事存在。尼甘布和希卡杜瓦等海濱小鎮報告稱，天黑後犯罪率更高，尤其是針對女性的犯罪率。在科倫坡，像努格戈達這樣的郊區犯罪率更高。夜間避免前往偏僻地區、黑暗的街道和光線昏暗的地方。科倫坡經常發生示威活動，其他地區偶爾也會發生示威活動。選舉期間請避開政府大樓，遠離抗議活動或大型集會。