Mexico
關於Mexico
| 貨幣 | Peso (MXN) |
| 語言 | Spanish |
| 資本金 | Mexico City |
The United Mexican States is located between the United States on the north and Belize and Honduras on the south and has coastline on the Pacific Ocean, Gulf of California, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico. The population of Mexico is approximately 112 million people. Mexico City has a population of about 20 million people.
Mexico’s government is a federal republic. The chief of state and head of government is a president elected by popular vote.
Mexico is considered a newly industrialized country with a rapidly growing middle class. However, income distribution is highly unequal and many people live below the poverty line. The economy is strongly linked to those of its North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) partners, the United States and Canada.
Mexico has a rich history of highly developed, advanced cultures, such as the Maya, Aztec, Zapotec, Toltec, that prospered prior to the arrival of the Europeans. After Spain conquered and colonized the territory, it was administered by Spain until gaining independence in 1821. The Mexican Revolution of 1910 finally led to the emergence of the country’s current democratic political system.
Tourism plays an important role in the Mexican economy with over 21.4 million international visitors in 2009. Tourists can enjoy a wide range of activities and destinations, from mountainous areas to jungles and beaches, along with museums, architecture, haciendas, beach resorts, and archaeological sites, to name a few.
Mexico的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A in this country, therefore, vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis B, therefore, vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Mexico的推薦藥物
對於一些旅行者
抗瘧藥
WHO does not recommend anti-malaria medication. The U.S. CDC recommends anti-malaria medication for the states of Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Nayarit, and Sinaloa. The recommended anti-malaria medications are atovaquone-proguanil, chloroquine, doxycycline, and mefloquine. NaTHNaC recommends chloroquine for the states of Oaxaca and Chiapas only.
Mexico要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis B
The risk of acquiring hepatitis B in Mexico is low.
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Mexico through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.
Dengue Fever
Dengue fever outbreaks are common in Mexico, particularly along the coastal areas and during the rainy season (July to October). There is no risk of dengue in the high altitude areas of central Mexico.
對於一些旅行者
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Mexico, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Chagas Disease
American trypanosomiasis occurs in rural areas of Mexico. The risk of travellers acquiring this disease is extremely low unless staying in very poor quality housing or camping.
Malaria
There is a risk of malaria in Chiapas and southern parts of Chihuahua. Sporadic cases may occur in Campeche, Durango, Nayarit, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa, Sonora, and Tabasco No malaria cases have been reported along the US–Mexico border.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis occurs in this country. Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.
Zika Fever
There is transmission of the Zika virus in this country.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Mexico中的安全性
人身安全
墨西哥全國犯罪率持續高企，截至2024年，全國兇殺率為每10萬居民23至25起。在城市中心和旅遊區，您將面臨小偷小摸、街頭犯罪以及更嚴重事件的風險。快速綁架發生在城市中，犯罪者強迫受害者從ATM提款。虛擬綁架詐騙透過電話索取贖金，鎖定目標遊客。組織犯罪集團控制著大片地盤，並從事敲詐勒索、竊取燃油和其他活動，在受影響地區製造恐怖氣氛。敵對卡特爾和安全部隊之間的暴力衝突可能毫無預警地發生。雖然大多數兇殺案的目標是參與犯罪活動的個人，但旁觀者偶爾也會捲入交火。記者、人權捍衛者和政治人物面臨的風險尤其高。截至2024年9月，超過11.5萬人失踪，其中許多人被認為已被殺害並埋葬在秘密墳墓中。有罪不罰現象猖獗，約93%的犯罪案件未被舉報或調查。警察貪腐現象層出不窮，一些正直的警察甚至以涉嫌違法為由敲詐遊客。墨西哥是全球瓶裝水消費量最高的國家，因為當地人不喝自來水。酒吧和夜總會時有下藥和受污染酒精的事件發生。邊境和旅遊區附近藥局出售的假處方藥可能含有致命劑量的芬太尼。
極端暴力
截至2023年，墨西哥連續六年每年發生超過3萬起謀殺案，是該國近代史上暴力事件最為猖獗的時期。 2015年至2024年間，兇殺案發生率上升了54.7%，其中三分之二的兇殺案與槍枝有關。 2022年，六個城市的兇殺案發生率超過每十萬居民100起，約11%的城市在2023年每十萬居民的兇殺案發生率至少達到50起。安全分析師估計，約三分之二的兇殺案是由有組織犯罪集團犯下的。犯罪集團利用暴力作為工具來鞏固控制權、懲罰競爭對手和恐嚇人民。錫那羅亞販毒集團和哈利斯科新一代販毒集團是販運到美國的絕大多數毒品的罪魁禍首，這兩個集團之間的領土爭端導致科利馬州、薩卡特卡斯州、瓜納華托州和哈利斯科州等地的暴力事件大幅增加。販毒集團的業務範圍擴大到敲詐勒索、綁架、竊取燃料、販賣人口和非法伐木。在一些州，武裝團體設置路障並對旅行者使用暴力。販毒集團內部的權力鬥爭加劇了暴力事件。 2019 年 1 月至 2023 年 3 月期間，錫那羅亞販毒集團各派系之間的衝突造成至少 70 人死亡。 2018 年 1 月至 2023 年 3 月期間，酷刑投訴至少有 15,904 起。 2024 年是墨西哥有史以來政治人物死亡人數最多的一年，至少有 201 起出於政治動機的殺戮事件。
政治動盪
2024 年，29 個州的工人開始無限期罷工，反對擬議的法官選拔方式改革，司法改革抗議活動爆發。 2024 年 9 月，抗議者衝進參議院大樓，並在尤卡坦州、下加利福尼亞州和普埃布拉州等多個州的立法大樓外與警察發生衝突。 2025 年 7 月，墨西哥城爆發了反對紳士化的示威活動，一些抗議者破壞財產，並向被視為外國人的人投擲石塊。先前的示威活動曾導致商家窗戶被砸碎，受損店面被噴塗「滾出墨西哥」等標語。墨西哥法律禁止外國公民參與政治活動，參與活動可能導致拘留或驅逐出境。 2024 年 2 月，數萬人舉行示威，他們稱之為“民主遊行”，目標是選舉前的執政黨。 2025 年 3 月，超過 35 萬人聚集在墨西哥城，回應美國的威脅。示威活動可能難以預測，抗議地點周圍可能會出現交通擁堵。請關注當地媒體，以了解計劃行動的最新進展。避免參加所有示威活動，如果遇到抗議活動，請遠離該區域。示威期間，警方會加強巡邏，受影響地區的安全措施也會加強。
應避免的區域
由於犯罪和恐怖主義活動猖獗，美國國務院發布了截至 2025 年 8 月針對以下六個州的旅行警告：科利馬州、格雷羅州、米卻肯州、錫那羅亞州、塔毛利帕斯州和薩卡特卡斯州。英國外交部建議，除非必要，否則不要前往薩卡特卡斯州、格雷羅州部分地區、塔毛利帕斯州部分地區、靠近危地馬拉邊境的恰帕斯州部分地區以及蒂華納和特卡特境內的特定地區。 2023 年，科利馬州的兇殺率創下該國歷史新高，每 10 萬人中有 111 人死亡。蒂華納暴力事件頻繁，許多商家實施非正式宵禁，只在白天營業。格雷羅內陸地區危險，組織犯罪集團和地方自衛組織控制著這片領土。颶風奧的斯過後，阿卡普爾科的犯罪活動增加，全市搶劫和掠奪事件頻繁發生。武裝團體在格雷羅州各地的路障處設立非法收費站。恰帕斯州和危地馬拉之間的邊境局勢很危險，因為有組織犯罪集團爭奪毒品和人口販運路線的控制權。薩卡特卡斯州極度危險，因為組織犯罪集團之間爭奪毒品販運路線的控制權。 2024年，新萊昂州、錫那羅亞州、韋拉克魯斯州和莫雷洛斯州等州的兇殺率在每10萬人28至38人之間。圖盧姆和阿卡普爾科等海濱度假勝地的兇殺率遠高於全國平均水平，因為犯罪集團之間爭奪控制權。瓦哈卡州、韋拉克魯斯州和恰帕斯州的農村地區對婦女的安全構成了重大威脅。
