Djibouti

Djibouti的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

對於一些旅行者

脊髓灰質炎疫苗

Travellers who intend to visit this country for 4 weeks or more may be required to show proof of polio vaccination taken 4 weeks to 12 months prior to arrival in the country. Failure to produce this documentation may result in vaccination at the entry ports. Childhood vaccinations, including polio, should be up-to-date prior to travel.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions. The U.S. CDC recommends the cholera vaccine for travellers who are 18-64 years of age and who plan to travel to areas of active cholera transmission. CDC notes that most travellers do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission, and that safe food and water practices can prevent many cholera infections.

黃熱病疫苗

There is no risk for yellow fever in this country. However, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers over 1 year of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Djibouti的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended anti-malaria medications include atovaquone-proguanil, mefloquine or doxycycline. Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxime-pyrimethamine has been reported.

Djibouti要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Djibouti through contaminated food or water.

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Djibouti.

Cholera

Cholera outbreaks occur in Djibouti. The risk to travellers is low unless living or working in poor sanitary conditions, drinking untreated water or eating poorly cooked or raw seafood in this country.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever may occur in this country

Dengue Fever

Outbreaks of dengue fever may occur.

對於一些旅行者

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

There is a risk of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever in this country.

West Nile Fever

The virus is transmitted to animals, birds and humans by mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, tiredness, body aches, nausea, and skin rash.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

Commonly spread via contact with domesticated animals infected with the virus. These include cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, among others.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites, particularly between dusk to dawn. Adventure tourists, outdoor athletes, or humanitarian aid workers are at a higher risk.

Polio

Vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was detected in this country, with the potential risk of global circulation. Unvaccinated or under-vaccinated travellers are at a higher risk if they come in direct contact with an infected person or through contaminated food and water, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas with poor hygiene standards.

Measles

There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.

Yellow Fever

There is no risk for yellow fever in this country. However, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers over 1 year of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in Djibouti. Travellers to Djibouti are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

African Tick Bite Fever

There is an increased risk of this disease in this country.

Schistosomiasis

This disease is present in this country and is acquired through contact with fresh water, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Djibouti, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Malaria

All areas of Djibouti are at high risk for malaria.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in Djibouti. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Djibouti中的安全性

人身安全

與鄰國相比，吉布地的犯罪率相對較低，但扒手和搶錢包等輕微犯罪時有發生。犯罪者主要瞄準人群密集的地區和熱門旅遊景點，入夜後風險會顯著增加。有報導稱，土匪團夥在吉布地市外的非法地區活動，因此您應該避開多拉勒海灘和科爾安巴多海灘等偏僻的沿海地區，尤其是在夜間。首都吉布地有警力駐守，這有利於安全，但這並不能消除所有風險。酒吧和餐廳可能會發生摻假行為。請確保您的飲料無人看管，並觀察其製作過程。避免自製酒精飲料，因為有甲醇中毒風險。雖然公共場所醉酒是合法的，但最高可判處兩年監禁。禁止拍攝港口、機場、軍事設施、橋樑和公共建築等基礎設施，否則可能導致設備被沒收和逮捕。警察可能會攔下您查看設備上的照片。一些警察要求遊客刪除破敗地區和街景的照片，聲稱拍照需要特別許可。

極端暴力

恐怖分子可能會試圖在吉布地發動攻擊。青年黨將吉布地和國際利益視為合法目標，因為該國參與了非洲聯盟的維和行動並支持索馬利亞政府。青年黨已公開發出威脅，並聲稱對 2014 年 5 月在吉布地市 La Chaumiere 餐廳發生的自殺式爆炸事件負責，該爆炸造成一名土耳其公民死亡，20 多人受傷。自 2014 年以來，吉布地沒有發生過恐怖事件，但地區恐怖組織繼續威脅西方目標，並且能夠輕易跨越邊境。攻擊可能是無差別的，並且會發生在人群密集的地區，包括飯店、餐廳、購物中心、市場、旅遊景點和外國人聚集的地方。 2023 年 12 月 19 日，恢復團結與民主武裝陣線襲擊了塔朱拉地區的吉布地武裝部隊，造成三名士兵受傷。該叛亂組織自2015年以來日益頻繁，每年至少發動一次攻擊，並於2022年10月被指定為恐怖組織。吉布地全境都存在綁架威脅，尤其是在距離索馬利亞邊境10公里以內。海盜襲擊和武裝搶劫仍然是沿海水域和亞丁灣的嚴重問題。海盜襲擊包括商船在內的船隻，並劫持外國人質以勒索贖金。

政治動盪

伊斯梅爾·奧馬爾·蓋萊總統自1999年以來一直執政，沒有任期限制。執政的總統多數派聯盟使用威權手段來維持其主導地位。反對黨面臨嚴重製約，經常抵制選舉，聲稱選舉制度既不自由也不公平。示威活動時有發生，有時毫無預兆，通常是因為政治或經濟問題。即使是原本和平的示威活動也可能演變成對抗和暴力事件。警方經常使用暴力驅散未經授權的抗議活動並逮捕參與者。公眾集會需要許可證，但許可證經常被拒絕。 2020年6月，一名空軍中尉被捕並涉嫌遭受酷刑後，反政府抗議活動爆發了數日，導致200多人被捕。 2013年2月，至少有六人在選舉後的示威活動中被安全部隊槍殺。政府對反對黨、人權組織、記者和批評政府的活動人士的騷擾和恐嚇十分常見。一些活躍於社群媒體的年輕人已被逮捕。政府限制舉辦可能對其造成不利影響的學術會議。阿法爾族和伊薩-索馬利族之間的區域衝突和民族緊張局勢可能蔓延至吉布提，偶爾會導致首都發生暴力衝突。鄰國衣索比亞、厄立特里亞、葉門和索馬利亞的內亂或武裝衝突也可能影響吉布地的安全局勢。

應避免的區域

由於持續的邊境緊張局勢、政府的限制以及難以預測的安全局勢，請避免前往塔朱拉和奧博克地區與厄立特里亞接壤邊境10公里範圍內的所有地區。過去曾發生邊境衝突。吉布地與衣索比亞和索馬利亞的許多邊境地區缺乏明顯的邊界線，可能埋有未標記的地雷。雖然吉布地已被宣佈為無雷區，但這僅意味著已識別並標記了地雷，但並未將其清除。據了解，北部的塔朱拉和奧博克地區以及南部的阿里薩比耶地區存在地雷。在這些地區，請留在鋪砌的道路上。 2012年3月，一名兒童在熱門旅遊目的地阿薩勒湖和古貝特附近被地雷炸成重傷，距離鋪砌道路約一公里。請避開偏遠地區，包括與衣索比亞和索馬利亞接壤的地區，這些地區安全部隊駐紮較少。您需要獲得吉布地政府的許可才能穿越奧博克，越過北緯12度線。避開多拉勒海灘和科爾安巴多海灘等偏僻的沿海地區，據報道這些地區有匪幫出沒。在索馬利亞邊境10公里範圍內旅行面臨較高的綁架風險。首都以外地區通常沒有手機訊號。吉布地-厄立特里亞邊境地區設有軍事路障，需要正式批准才能出行。