Ecuador
關於Ecuador
| 貨幣 | US dollar (USD) |
| 語言 | Spanish. Some Amerindian languages also spoken. |
| 資本金 | Quito |
The Republic of Ecuador is located in western South America between Colombia and Peru and borders the Pacific Ocean at the Equator. The Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean are also part of Ecuador, about 1000 kilometres west of the mainland. Ecuador’s population is about 15 million.
The government of Ecuador is a republic with a president as chief of state and head of government.
Ecuador is known for its incredible diversity with the Amazon rainforest, the Andes Mountains, volcanos, cloud forests, and the Pacific coastline. Ecuador was the first country to include legislation in its constitution to protect the ecology. The Galapagos Islands are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Ecuador的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
卡介苗芽孢桿菌(BCG)疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live in the country for more than 3 months.
麻疹,腮腺炎,風疹(MMR)疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
黃熱病疫苗
This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers aged 1 year or over arriving from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Brazil, including travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Brazil. However, the vaccination is recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to the following provinces east of the Andes at altitudes below 2300 meters: Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Sucumbios and Zamora-Chinchipe, and the province west of the cordillera, Esmeraldas. The vaccination is generally not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the following provinces west of the Andes and at altitudes below 2300 meters: Guayas, Los Rios, Santa Helena, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas and designated areas of Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Imbabura, Loja, Pichincha and Tungurahua. The vaccination is not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to all areas above 2300 meters altitude, the cities of Guayaquil and Quito, and the Galápagos Islands.
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.
Ecuador的推薦藥物
對於一些旅行者
抗瘧藥
Except for the cities of Guayaquil and Quito and the Galápagos Islands, there is a risk of exposure to malaria at elevations less than 1,500 meters (4,921 ft). Recommended anti-malaria medication includes atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine is present.
Ecuador要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Ecuador and the Galápagos Islands.
Dengue Fever
Dengue fever outbreaks occur in tropical and semi-tropical areas of Ecuador.
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Ecuador and the Galápagos Islands through contaminated food or water.
對於一些旅行者
West Nile Fever
There is a risk of acquiring West Nile virus in this country.
Leishmaniasis
There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in this country through sand fly bites.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Measles
There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.
Zika Fever
There is transmission of the Zika virus in this country.
Malaria
There is a low risk of malaria transmission in areas below 1,500m, including the coastal provinces and Amazon basin. Awareness of risk and bite avoidance is recommended. There is no malaria in the city of Guayaquil and the Galápagos Islands.
Chagas Disease
American trypanosomiasis (“Chagas disease”) can occur in rural Ecuador. The risk of travellers acquiring this disease is low unless staying in very poor quality housing or camping.
Yellow Fever
There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in parts of Ecuador.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with a sick person.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Ecuador and the Galápagos Islands. The risk is higher when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Ecuador中的安全性
人身安全
自 2020 年以來,厄瓜多爾的安全局勢急劇惡化。兇殺率從 2019 年的十萬分之六躍升至 2023 年的十萬分之四十六以上,使其成為南美洲暴力事件最嚴重的國家之一。 2024 年 1 月,幫派頭目越獄且武裝團體襲擊了瓜亞基爾的一家電視演播室後,總統丹尼爾·諾沃亞宣布發生內部武裝衝突。暴力事件源自於犯罪組織之間為控制哥倫比亞和秘魯之間的販毒路線而展開的競爭。大多數暴力事件與幫派有關,集中在瓜亞斯、埃斯梅拉達斯、洛斯裡奧斯和埃爾奧羅等沿海省份。雖然遊客很少成為直接目標,但你可能會在錯誤的時間出現在錯誤的地點。自 2022 年以來,綁架事件大幅增加,既有為快速勒索現金而進行的快速綁架,也有長期拘留的事件。武裝搶劫、行兇搶劫和扒竊每天都在各大城市發生。犯罪者會使用分散注意力的技巧,例如故意打架、請求協助或在搶劫包袋前向嫌疑人噴灑液體。騎摩托車的竊賊會用刀或槍指著嫌犯搶劫物品。銀行和自動櫃員機搶劫案屢見不鮮,甚至在銀行外發生暴力事件。在公車、夜總會和酒吧里,毒品中摻入了東莨菪鹼。受害者會變得神智不清,容易遭受搶劫或襲擊。政府在多個省份維持緊急狀態,增加了軍隊和警察的部署,部分地區實施宵禁,並限制人員流動和集會。加拉巴哥群島仍然非常安全,幾乎沒有犯罪。其他相對安全的目的地包括昆卡、巴尼奧斯和山區城鎮,但所有地方仍需採取基本的預防措施。
極端暴力
厄瓜多正面臨跨國販毒組織推動的組織犯罪危機。包括「洛斯喬內羅斯」(Los Choneros)、「洛斯狼」(Los Lobos)、「洛斯老虎」(Los Tiguerones)、「洛斯喬內殺手」(Los Chone Killers)等犯罪集團爭奪地盤控制權。這些團夥與哥倫比亞、墨西哥、阿爾巴尼亞和委內瑞拉的犯罪網絡合作。 2021年,「洛斯喬內羅斯」頭目去世後,暴力事件急劇升級,導致該組織分裂,並引發了敵對派系之間的戰爭。厄瓜多爾出現了前所未有的暴力手段,包括肢解、斬首、汽車炸彈襲擊以及在公共場所展示帶有毒品訊息的屍體。自2023年3月以來,組織犯罪集團在基多和瓜亞基爾引爆小型炸藥並發出炸彈威脅。目標包括小型企業、加油站、政府辦公室、橋樑和自動櫃員機。自 2019 年以來,監獄屠殺已造成 600 多名囚犯死亡,2021 年 9 月的瓜亞基爾監獄暴動成為拉丁美洲歷史上最血腥的暴動之一。幫派暴力從監獄延伸到街道、市場、道路和大學。政治人物面臨極度危險。總統候選人費爾南多·比亞維森西奧於 2023 年 8 月遇刺身亡。曼塔市長於 2023 年 7 月遇害。多名市長、官員和法官被謀殺。武裝攻擊、劫持人質和暗殺安全人員事件時有發生。 2024 年 1 月的攻擊包括電視直播攝影棚人質事件、多起監獄暴動、警察和獄警被綁架以及多個城市的爆炸事件。政府的軍事行動挫敗了一些幫派活動並逮捕了頭目,但暴力事件仍在繼續,2025 年仍有大規模殺戮發生。衝突造成了犯罪集團逍遙法外、政府控制有限的地區。
政治動盪
厄瓜多示威抗議活動頻繁,往往受政治和經濟因素驅動。由厄瓜多爾土著民族聯合會(CONAIE)領導的土著群體在全國範圍內組織大規模動員,抗議燃料補貼、採礦項目和經濟政策等議題。此前,2019年和2022年的大規模抗議活動引發了暴力衝突、道路堵塞和基本服務中斷。 2025年9月,在政府取消柴油補貼導致油價從每加侖1.80美元飆升至2.80美元後,CONAIE發起了全國性罷工。抗議活動已造成至少一人死亡,100多人被捕,數十人受傷,並引發了示威者與安全部隊之間的暴力衝突。政府宣布多個省份進入緊急狀態,並在多個地區實施宵禁。安全部隊被指控在抗議期間過度使用武力、任意拘留和強迫失蹤。國際人權組織和聯合國對政府應對示威活動的方式表示擔憂。抗議期間,道路封鎖可能未經事先通知而發生,並擾亂機場、主要高速公路和關鍵基礎設施的通行,有時持續數天或數週。抗議活動可能迅速演變為暴力事件。政府在緊急狀態期間限制集會自由,但不禁止和平示威。參與政治活動或示威活動的外國人面臨拘留,甚至可能被驅逐出境。一名記者在2025年因通報抗議活動而被驅逐出境。抗議領導人及其法定代理人的銀行帳戶已被凍結。抗議者和社會領袖已被提起刑事訴訟。雖然大多數抗議活動保持和平,但示威者與安全部隊之間的衝突、對政府車隊的攻擊以及親政府和反對派團體之間的對抗都可能發生。近年來,政治不穩定的特徵是彈劾企圖、2023年國民議會解散以及政府頻繁更迭。
應避免的區域
除圖爾坎官方過境點外,請避開哥倫比亞邊境20公里範圍內的所有地區,因為這些地區綁架、販毒和武裝團體活動的風險很高。哥倫比亞犯罪組織在邊境地區活動。由於暴力犯罪率極高,請勿前往埃斯梅拉達斯市及其以北的所有地區。該省每10萬居民發生33起兇殺案,為全國最高。謀殺、持械搶劫和幫派暴力猖獗。在瓜亞基爾,尤其是在塔爾基門大道以南地區,請務必格外小心。這裡的謀殺率很高,主要與幫派有關。市中心、南部地區和港口地區尤其危險。持械搶劫、快速綁架和暴力犯罪每天都在發生。與瓜亞基爾相鄰的杜蘭州,由於幫派暴力猖獗,應避免前往。 2023 年,基多每 10 萬人中有 145 人發生兇殺案,名列全球暴力事件最嚴重的城市之一。請避開埃爾奧羅省的瓦基利亞斯和阿雷尼利亞斯,以及洛斯里奧斯省的克韋多、金薩洛馬和普韋布洛維耶霍。由於販毒和幫派活動猖獗,這些地方的犯罪率都較高。蘇昆比奧斯、馬納維、聖埃倫娜和聖多明哥等省面臨跨國犯罪集團日益猖獗的暴力威脅。靠近哥倫比亞邊境的卡爾奇和奧雷利亞納省風險較高。在基多,請避開拉馬林、拉托拉、拉米切利納、聖羅克、貧民窟、拉費羅維亞裡亞、索蘭達、奇洛加洛和伊納基多等街區。這些地區的扒竊、小偷小摸和搶劫犯罪率很高。儘管蒙塔尼塔海濱小鎮是熱門旅遊勝地,但仍請避開該鎮。據報道,那裡曾發生嚴重的性侵犯和針對外國女性的襲擊事件。哥倫比亞邊境20公里區域涵蓋卡爾奇省、蘇昆比奧斯省和埃斯梅拉達斯省的部分地區。由於存在未標示的雷區,請避開薩莫拉-欽奇佩秘魯邊境2公里範圍內的區域。加拉巴哥群島較為安全。昆卡被認為是厄瓜多爾最安全的城市之一。巴尼奧斯、奧塔瓦洛等山區城鎮以及亞馬遜衝突區以外的地區相對平靜。沿海地區通常比高地地區更危險。