Samoa
關於Samoa
| 貨幣 | Tala (WST) |
| 語言 | Samoan and English |
| 資本金 | Apia |
The Independent State of Samoa is an archipelago of nine volcanic states in the Pacific Ocean. Its location is halfway between New Zealand and Hawaii, east of the international date line. This country has the second largest Polynesian population of about 190,000 people.
Samoa’s economy has traditionally depended on fishing and agriculture. More recently, tourism and the banking sector are contributing to the economy.
New Zealand administered Samoa until its independence in 1962. The government of Samoa is a republic. A legislative assembly (elected by popular vote) elects a chief of state to serve a 5-year term. The chief of state appoints a prime minister to be head of government, on approval by a legislative assembly.
Until 1965, Samoa officially discouraged the tourist industry. After that time, however, the Samoan government actively developed policies to encourage tourism. Visitors can enjoy beaches, traditional villages, and a relaxed pace of life.
Samoa的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country. Therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country. Therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended by CDC for infants aged 6 to 11 months. According to NaTHNaC, all travellers from American Samoa, aged 6 months and older, are required to be vaccinated before entering Samoa.
黃熱病疫苗
The yellow fever vaccination is not recommended for this country. However, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers whose activities or employment may bring them into direct contact with bats (i.e. adventure travellers, veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers, etc.).
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Samoa的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Samoa的建議。
Samoa要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Dengue Fever
Dengue fever outbreaks have occurred in Samoa in the past.
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Samoa through contaminated food or water.
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Samoa.
對於一些旅行者
Measles
There is a risk of acquiring Measles in this country.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with a sick person.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Zika Fever
There is transmission of the Zika virus in this country.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Samoa, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Yellow Fever
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission. However, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Rabies
Rabies may be present in bats.
Samoa中的安全性
人身安全
薩摩亞的重罪犯罪率相對較低。小偷小摸多發生在觀光區和人流密集的地方，因此在公共場所請留意隨身物品，避免將貴重物品留在車內或住所內。暴力犯罪雖有發生，但並不常見，但近年來入室盜竊案件有所增加。大多數犯罪發生在首都阿皮亞及其周邊地區，尤其是港口附近的海堤和海灘路附近的市中心酒吧區。全國各地的路燈都受到停電影響，光線昏暗，天黑後風險更高。避免夜間獨自行走，尤其是在偏僻地區或夜總會附近。流浪狗在薩摩亞各地遊蕩，可能具有攻擊性。郊區和海灘經常發生狗攻擊事件。請勿接近或觸摸狗，散步或運動時保持警覺。酒吧和夜總會有時會發生下藥事件。切勿將飲料無人看管，並觀察其製作過程。請前往信譽良好的場所，並避免飲用自製酒精飲料，因為存在甲醇中毒風險。
極端暴力
薩摩亞近期無恐怖主義歷史，恐怖主義風險仍然很低。該國設有太平洋跨國犯罪協調中心，但組織犯罪活動極少。小規模販毒包括來自亞洲、美國和拉丁美洲的甲基苯丙胺，途經澳洲和紐西蘭，一些可卡因販運則由總部位於夏威夷和加州的組織進行。槍枝販運規模有限，通常與幫派活動和非法毒品交易有關，而非普通犯罪。與週邊地區相比，薩摩亞的暴力犯罪率維持在較低水準。財產盜竊和攻擊是最常見的犯罪類型，其中年輕男性佔犯罪者的大多數。酒精是暴力事件的常見因素。 2017年，薩摩亞的兇殺率為每10萬人3.37起。當地觀察家指出，與過去幾十年相比，薩摩亞嚴重犯罪的發生率上升，其中酒精、暴力和憤怒情緒的犯罪行為普遍存在，令人擔憂。強姦和亂倫等性犯罪已引起當局和法院的關注。該國保持政治穩定，很少發生政治暴力事件。
政治動盪
2021年，薩摩亞因選舉結果爭議而經歷了一場憲法危機，法院最終裁定新政府勝選。目前，該國執政黨內部的政治緊張局勢可能影響穩定，但這些緊張局勢仍限於議會程序。政治示威和和平抗議活動偶爾會發生，尤其是在選舉和政府組成期間。雖然抗議活動很少演變成暴力事件，但它們可能會吸引大量人群，擾亂交通和公共交通。 2021年的危機導致政治領袖受到威脅，議會辦公區被暫時封鎖，這與正常的穩定狀態不同尋常。歷史背景表明，薩摩亞在20世紀20年代至30年代透過「毛運動」（Mau movement）爭取獨立，但在1929年的「黑色星期六」事件中遭到殖民勢力的暴力鎮壓。自1962年獨立以來，該國一直保持相對的政治穩定，儘管1990年代出現了傳統領導人的抗議遊行。區域政治不穩定影響鄰近的太平洋國家，薩摩亞容易受到經濟和社會壓力的影響。該國與中國、澳洲、紐西蘭和美國等多個國際夥伴保持著平衡的關係。
應避免的區域
阿皮亞是薩摩亞犯罪率最高的地區。毗鄰港口的海堤區域需要特別小心，尤其是在夜間，因為搶劫和搶劫案主要集中在這一區域。市中心海灘路附近的酒吧區犯罪率也較高，尤其對女性影響較大。在首都各地，請避免抄近路穿過狹窄的小巷和燈光昏暗的街道。阿皮亞中央商務區的交通擁堵可能造成許多問題，因為許多無照駕駛和不適合上路的車輛。在阿皮亞以外的地區，村莊通常保留著傳統的社會結構，這些結構提供了自然的社區監督。農村和偏遠地區存在與基礎設施而非犯罪相關的不同風險。偏遠地區的道路通常缺乏維護、適當的照明和電話覆蓋。一些農村地區依賴具有基本處理設施的獨立供水系統。兩個主要島嶼的海灘區域都經歷著強勁的潮流和巨浪，這些潮流和巨浪會直接衝擊珊瑚礁。一些受歡迎的海灘已經發生過致命的游泳事故。海洋潟湖會在幾乎沒有預警的情況下產生危險的水流。海灘仍然無人巡邏，也沒有救生員。
