Montserrat
關於Montserrat
| 貨幣 | East Caribbean dollar (XCD) |
| 語言 | English |
| 資本金 | Brades (de facto); Plymouth was abandoned in 1997 due to volcanic activity |
Montserrat, an island located in the Caribbean, is part of the British West Indies and is known as the “Emerald Isle of the Caribbean.” The population is about 5,200 people.
The island officially became a British possession in 1783 and today is a British Overseas Territory. The chief of state is the Queen of England, who is represented in Montserrat by a governour. The head of government is a premier. Plymouth was the official capital city until the volcanic eruption of the Soufrière Hills Volcano in 1995. Since that time, Brades has been the de facto capital.
In the 1990s, eruptions of the Soufrière Hills volcano devastated much of the island. Two thirds of the population of Montserrat fled the country. The volcano has remained highly active since that time, and many people have never returned to their homeland. In 2009 another large eruption occurred, and many were temporarily evacuated. The government warns residents and visitors to be prepared to leave on short notice.
Montserrat continues to recover and rebuild. Tourism was once a main sector of the economy. However, after the main volcanic eruptions, the capital was destroyed and the airport closed, greatly damaging the economy and bringing an end to much of the tourist activity. The European Union and Britain have provided aid for rebuilding, and a new airport was opened in 2005.
Montserrat的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
黃熱病疫苗
This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission for travellers having transited through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers whose activities or employment may bring them into direct contact with bats (i.e. adventure travellers, veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers, etc.).
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Montserrat的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Montserrat的建議。
Montserrat要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Montserrat through contaminated food or water.
Hepatitis B
There is a risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Montserrat.
Dengue Fever
Outbreaks of dengue fever may occur.
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.
對於一些旅行者
Yellow Fever
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. However, this country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers 1 year of age and older arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission for travellers having transited through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Rabies
Rabies may be present in bats.
Zika Fever
Zika fever occurs in this country.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Montserrat, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Montserrat中的安全性
人身安全
蒙特塞拉特島是加勒比海地區最安全的旅遊目的地之一。暴力犯罪罕見，針對遊客的嚴重犯罪並不常見。當地社區熱情好客，遊客大多平安無事。扒手和搶錢包等輕微犯罪確實時有發生，尤其是在旅遊區附近，但發生率低於許多旅遊目的地。搶劫風險仍然很低。大多數遊客表示，即使在日落後，在城鎮和海灘附近散步也感到安全。該島收到了美國、英國、加拿大和澳洲的一級旅行警告，表明正常的安全預防措施已經足夠。恐怖主義風險微乎其微，目前沒有已知的針對該島的事件。詐騙事件也很少見。人身安全的主要風險來自於自然災害，而非犯罪。沿海水域有激流和暗流的危險，旅行社可能並非始終遵守國際安全標準。
極端暴力
蒙特塞拉特島幾乎沒有極端暴力事件。該島近期沒有發生過恐怖主義或有針對性的攻擊事件。雖然輕微犯罪和暴力犯罪都有可能發生，但與週邊地區相比，犯罪率仍然很低。多個國家的政府公告一致認為蒙特塞拉特島的犯罪率較低。最嚴重的暴力事件發生在 1997 年 6 月 25 日，當時 19 人違反官方建議進入禁區，死於火山碎屑流。這是一場天災，而非犯罪暴力。約 5,000 名居民的少量人口和緊密的社區結構是暴力犯罪發生率低的原因之一。警察可靠且反應迅速。遊客沒有面臨暴力襲擊或武裝搶劫高風險的地區。該島一直是加勒比地區最安全的旅遊勝地之一。
政治動盪
蒙特塞拉特作為英國海外領土，政局保持穩定，近期未發生影響遊客的政治動亂、抗議或示威活動。該領土實行議會代議制民主制，英國君主為國家元首，由任命的總督代表。政治權力在各黨派之間和平交替，最新憲法於 2011 年 9 月頒布。九個席位的立法議會選舉每五年定期舉行一次，沒有發生暴力或騷亂的報告。政黨不堅持僵化的意識形態，政策轉變主要取決於政黨領袖的支持率，而非意識形態衝突。該領土因其對 1997 年火山爆發的應對措施而面臨政治批評，導致首席部長伯特蘭·奧斯本辭職，但並未引發內亂。近年來，沒有發生武裝衝突、騷亂或大規模示威活動的通報。政治環境保持平靜穩定。
應避免的區域
由於蘇弗里耶爾火山於 1995 年開始活躍，蒙特塞拉特島南部仍然禁止進入。禁區涵蓋了島上一半以上的面積，包括被埋在超過 12 公尺厚的泥漿和火山碎屑流之下的前首都普利茅斯。此區域分為多個區域，每處都有不同的進入限制。 V 區仍實施嚴格禁入，進入需要政府特別許可。 A、B、C 和 F 區允許在危險等級 1（自 2014 年 8 月以來的當前等級）下無限制進入。未經許可進入禁區是違法的。該地區地形不穩定，有火山灰沉積、有毒氣體和突發性山崩風險。有標誌標明禁區，地形可能在沒有任何警告的情況下發生變化。海岸線周圍有三個海上禁區，最大的一個在東側延伸 4 公里，西側延伸兩個。蒙特塞拉特火山觀測站 24 小時監測火山活動。遊客可以從艾爾斯灣的加里波第山上眺望被摧毀的普利茅斯。北部和中部地區仍然安全，可以正常通行和居住。
