Brunei
關於Brunei
| 貨幣 | Brunei dollar (BND) |
| 語言 | Malay |
| 資本金 | Bandar Seri Begawan |
The Sultanate of Brunei is located in Southeast Asia in the South China sea, along the northern coast of the island of Borneo. The government is a constitutional sultanate (monarchy) with a sultan as both chief of state and head of government. The sultan also serves as head of the Islamic faith. The royal family has ruled Brunei for over 600 years. This small country, with a population of about 430,000 people, has a very high standard of living due to rich energy resources. Citizens do not pay income taxes or capital gains tax and receive free medical care and education through the university level. The Brunei Dollar is pegged to the Singapore dollar and both currencies are legal tender in both Brunei and Singapore under a Currency Interchangeability Agreement. Although Malay is the official language, English is widely spoken.
From about the 15th to the 17th centuries, Brunei controlled large areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. After a period of internal conflict over royal succession, and as a result of European colonial expansion, Brunei became a British protectorate in 1888 and gained full independence in 1984.
In spite of strong international criticism, Brunei became the first East Asian country to adopt Islamic sharia law and penal code in 2014. In spite of a large non-Muslim population, the country is officially Muslim.
Travellers to Brunei can enjoy one of the many eco-tours, visit the Belalong National Park in the rainforest, river cruises and diving among shipwrecks. The country is home to many species of plants and animals, including the proboscis monkeys and other primates, macaques, kingfishers.
Brunei的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
Due to the risk of exposure to hepatitis B, vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
Due to the risk of exposure to hepatitis A, vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
One dose of measles-mumps-rubells (MMR) is recommended to infants 6 to 11 months old before traveling.
卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended to all unvaccinated adults and children under 16 years of age, staying in the country for more than 3 months. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers who may have direct contact with wild animals while involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers). Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
日本腦炎疫苗
Japanese encephalitis occurs countrywide, with year-round transmission. There is a high risk if traveling to rural areas or engage in activities that increase risk of infection, such as visiting rural areas, hiking or camping, or staying in places without air conditioning, screens, or bed nets.
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities and rural areas.
黃熱病疫苗
There is no risk of yellow fever in Brunei, however, there is a certificate requirement. A certificate of yellow fever vaccination is required from travellers over 1 year of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Brunei的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Brunei的建議。
Brunei要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Brunei through sexual contact, contaminated needles, and blood products.
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Brunei.
Dengue Fever
Dengue fever is known to have occurred or has the potential to occur in this country.
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever is known to have occurred or has the potential to occur in this country.
對於一些旅行者
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring hantavirus in the country through contaminated food or coming in contact with someone infected with the virus.
Measles
There is a risk of acquiring measles in the country.
Yellow Fever
There is no risk of yellow fever in Brunei, however, there is a certificate requirement. A certificate of yellow fever vaccination is required from travellers over 1 year of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Japanese encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis occurs in this country with year-round transmission. Travellers who are staying for a month or longer at at higher risk of exposure, especially if travelling in rural areas with rice fields and marshlands.
Malaria
There is very low risk of exposure to a particular type of malaria found mostly in monkeys in forested areas in Brunei. Nevertheless, travellers should follow all recommendations to avoid mosquito bites. Anti-malaria medication is not recommended.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through consumption of contaminated food and water in Brunei, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas and staying with friends or relatives.
Rabies
Brunei is free of dog rabies. However, rabies may still be present in wildlife species, particularly bats. Most travellers are considered to be at low risk for rabies. Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers who may have direct contact with wild animals while involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers). Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
Tuberculosis
There is a risk of exposure to tuberculosis, especially in health care workers or for people who care for a person who is sick with this infection.
Brunei中的安全性
人身安全
與東南亞其他國家相比，汶萊的犯罪率極低。暴力犯罪罕見，大多數案件涉及非暴力機會犯罪，例如小偷小摸、車輛入室盜竊和入室盜竊。犯罪高峰通常在學校放假的七月和十二月。該國受益於嚴格的法律，這些法律具有強大的震懾力，人口少且緊密團結，自然形成了社會責任感。由於強調尊重的文化價值觀和伊斯蘭習俗，街頭騷擾並不常見。大多數居民和遊客無論白天或夜晚都能感到安全。雖然有恐怖主義威脅，但該國近期沒有發生攻擊事件。您應該注意公共場所的周圍環境。汶萊皇家警察部隊非常專業，大多數警官都會說英語。野生動物構成特殊風險，尤其是棲息在斯里巴加灣市周圍河流的鹹水鱷，它們曾經襲擊過在河岸邊釣魚的人們。在海灘和帕納加高爾夫球場也發現鱷魚的蹤跡。在雨林健行時，避免獨自出行，因為即使在知名的休閒區也很容易迷路。流浪狗隨處可見，雖然汶萊尚未正式通報狂犬病病例，但鄰國馬來西亞曾出現病例。當地有毒蛇，斯里巴加灣市的公立醫院備有抗蛇毒血清。雨季，全年常見強烈雷暴和雷擊，特別容易引發洪水和土石流，尤其容易發生在9月至1月以及5月至7月。
極端暴力
汶萊幾乎沒有恐怖主義或有組織暴力犯罪的歷史。近幾十年來，該國沒有經歷過恐怖攻擊，但當局承認，攻擊不能完全排除，而且可能是不分皂白的。暴力犯罪率仍然極低，根據世界銀行的數據，兇殺率接近零。該國的犯罪指數低至24.62，是東南亞最安全的國家之一。除了一些小規模的鬆散團夥外，該國沒有黑手黨式的組織或大型犯罪網絡。武器販運不是一個嚴重的問題，政府禁止所有平民持有槍支，包括用於狩獵或個人防衛。大多數武器貿易是國內貿易，而不是跨國貿易，主要包括偷獵者使用的粗糙的手工武器。由於汶萊位於中國和大洋洲之間的販毒路線上，並且毗鄰馬來西亞和菲律賓，因此毒品販運令人擔憂，但該國對毒品犯罪執行極其嚴厲的懲罰，包括死刑。人口販運的證據有限，也存在一些與販運活動相關的偶發敲詐勒索案件，但這些行為並非系統性現象。汶萊對暴力犯罪的懲罰措施嚴厲，包括鞭刑和長期監禁。該國最後一次執行死刑是在1957年，目前暫停執行死刑，但蘇丹可以隨時取消。
政治動盪
汶萊是君主專制國家，沒有國家層級的民選代表，自 1967 年起由蘇丹哈桑納爾·博爾基亞統治。該國自 1962 年以來一直處於緊急狀態，賦予蘇丹廣泛的權力，可以透過皇家法令制定法律，而無需經過標準的民主程序。立法委員會僅在建議立法和預算方面發揮諮詢作用。公眾示威受到嚴格限制，集會自由受到長期緊急權力的限制。憲法或法律中沒有保護言論自由的條款，並且有限制言論的法律，包括《煽動法》和《有害出版法》。批評蘇丹或王室是違法的，會造成極大的冒犯。公開批評政府或宣傳與伊斯蘭教相悖的活動可能導致監禁、罰款或流放。該國沒有任何人權組織進行活動，法律也沒有規定結社自由。政治抗議和騷亂極為罕見。 2024年11月，超過5,000名參與者在斯里巴加灣市參加了巴勒斯坦團結步行馬拉松，這在一個示威活動通常受到限制的國家裡，是一次罕見的有組織的公眾集會。上一次重大的政治動亂是1962年的汶萊起義，這是一場短暫的起義，反對汶萊君主制加入馬來西亞聯邦的提議，但很快就被英國軍隊鎮壓。自那以後，汶萊一直保持著政治穩定，近幾十年來沒有任何民間騷亂、大規模抗議或政治暴力事件。
應避免的區域
汶萊沒有從犯罪角度對遊客構成危險的特定區域。首都斯里巴加灣市（Bandar Seri Begawan）白天和夜間均可安全遊覽，無需出於安全考慮避開特定街區。遊客主要停留區域包括市中心、加東（Gadong）和甘榜亞逸（Kampong Ayer）。某些地區存在特定的環境危害。全國各地的河流，尤其是斯里巴加灣市周圍的河流，都是鹹水鱷的棲息地，它們曾經襲擊並殺死在河岸邊釣魚的遊客。在海灘和帕納加高爾夫球場（Panaga Golf Course）的池塘中也發現鱷魚的蹤跡。在所有水源附近都要保持警惕，並遵循當地政府的指導。即使在著名的休閒區，雨林地區也有迷路的風險。當局建議不要獨自在森林中健行。雨林中還有毒蛇和其他野生動物，需要謹慎對待。偏遠地區的天氣狀況瞬息萬變，可能導致人們被困住或受傷，尤其是在海上或雨林地區。在雨季，洪水可能會影響某些地區並擾亂基本服務。全年暴雨和雷擊頻傳。汶萊與馬來西亞接壤的邊境地區通常較為安全，但由於外國註冊車輛的燃油購買限制，您在跨國旅行前應確保您的車輛已正確登記並加滿油。汶萊沒有指定任何特定區域為禁區或對旅客安全風險較高的地區。
