Indonesia

Indonesia的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country. Therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

Vaccines are recommended for unvaccinated travelers of all age groups. Also including infants of 6 to 11 months old.

對於一些旅行者

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions. The U.S. CDC recommends the cholera vaccine for travellers who are 18-64 years of age and who plan to travel to areas of active cholera transmission. CDC notes that most travellers do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission, and that safe food and water practices can prevent many cholera infections.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

A dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) is recommended for infants 6 to 11 months old.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

BCG vaccine is recommended for unvaccinated adults and children under 16 years of age, who are going to live for more than 3 months in the country. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.

日本腦炎疫苗

Vaccination is recommended only for those planning to visit rural areas in Kalimantan, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Mollucas, Papua (Irian Jaya), and Lombok. The vaccination is not required for travellers visiting urban areas only.

黃熱病疫苗

There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers over 9 months of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through the consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

Indonesia的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended anti-malaria medication includes atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine is present.

Indonesia要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya occurs in Indonesia.

Cholera

Cholera has occurred in this country. It is bacterial infection transmitted by contaminated food and water. Can cause severe watery diarrhoea although mild infections are common.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Indonesia through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever outbreaks occur in Indonesia, particularly in East Java. The risk is higher in heavily populated urban areas and during the rainy season.

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Indonesia.

對於一些旅行者

Measles

There is a risk of acquiring measles in the country. The disease is an endemic in this country and any non-immume person can become infected.

Zika Fever

There is transmission of the Zika virus in this country.

Yellow Fever

There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. This country requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate for travellers over 9 months of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.

Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis is found in Indonesia. It is acquired through contact with fresh water, such as when swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.

Japanese encephalitis

Japanese encephalitis is presumed to occur year-round in rural Indonesia and has been reported in the following areas: Kalimantan, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Mollucas, Papua (Irian Jaya), and Lombok. The risk for travellers of contracting Japanese encephalitis is low, but visiting the listed areas and extensive outdoor activity in rural areas will increase this risk.

Tuberculosis

Travellers to Indonesia are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Indonesia, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Malaria

Malaria risk exists throughout the year in most areas of the five eastern provinces of East Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, North Maluku, Papua, and West Papua. Also including rural areas of Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, and Sumatra. There is no malaria risk in Jakarta and Ubud Municipalities, resort areas of Bali and Java, and Gili Islands and the Thousand Islands (Pulau Seribu). There are low levels of transmission in rural areas of Java, including Pangandaran, Sukalumi, and Ujung Kulong.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Scrub Typhus

Scrub typhus, also known as Tsutsugamushi fever, generally occurs year-round in some areas of Indonesia.

Indonesia中的安全性

人身安全

2024 年全球和平指數顯示，印尼在 163 個國家中排名第 48 位。犯罪率在 2015 年至 2021 年下降之後，於 2022 年顯著上升了 52%。峇裡島和龍目島的觀光區輕微犯罪猖獗，搶包、扒手和搶錢包現象依然常見。信用卡詐欺和 ATM 詐騙時有發生，犯罪者會在機器上輸入假號碼竊取銀行卡資訊。無證貨幣兌換商可能會少找零，因此請僅使用印尼銀行授權的貨幣兌換商。武裝搶劫等暴力犯罪時有發生，尤其是從班達亞齊到棉蘭的路上。外國公民獨自旅行，尤其是在夜間，面臨的風險更大。犯罪者有時會強迫人們從 ATM 取現金。據報道，曾在飲料中下藥的事件時有發生，尤其是在酒吧和俱樂部。摻甲醇的酒精飲料已在峇裡島、龍目島、吉利群島和蘇門答臘等旅遊區造成死亡。假冒酒類品牌的甲醇含量通常達到危險水平。據報道，2024年至2025年針對遊客的犯罪案件上升，峇裡島當局計畫加強安全措施以應對。事故損害賠償通常由外國人承擔，無論過錯方是誰。事故現場可能聚集人群，危及安全。摩托車騎士有時會威脅出事的汽車駕駛。峇裡島的刺青店、美甲店和水療中心經常發生詐騙。由於安全措施不力和極端天氣條件，渡輪事故頻繁。警察服務水準與西方國家有很大差異。

極端暴力

2022年12月，萬隆警察局發生爆炸，造成一名警官死亡，11人受傷。自那以後，印尼再未遭受重大恐怖攻擊。 2023年至2024年間，印尼實現了“零攻擊現象”，未發生大規模人身攻擊。然而，恐怖主義並未被根除，反而有所發展。印尼國家警察和國家反恐局認為，伊斯蘭祈禱團是目前最危險的恐怖組織。 「神職人員」（Jamaah Ansharut Daulah）仍然是執法部門的一項分散式優先事項。 2023年，印尼逮捕並指控數百名與恐怖組織有關的個人。 2024年全年，國家反恐局和通訊部屏蔽了180,954條包含不容忍、激進主義、極端主義和恐怖主義的內容，主要來自ISIS、印尼伊斯蘭解放黨和「神職人員」（Jamaah Ansharut Daulah）。數位極端化仍在繼續，極端主義宣傳在網路空間日益蔓延。恐怖分子集團依然活躍，有能力在印尼全國發動攻擊。印尼已採取有效的反恐措施，特別反恐部隊88特遣隊（Densus 88）繼續進行行動。 2022年，88特遣隊逮捕了數百名來自伊斯蘭祈禱團（JI）和聯合行動部（JAD）的恐怖分子嫌疑犯。極端組織過去曾將警察局、宗教場所、旅館、酒吧、夜總會、市場、購物中心和餐廳作為攻擊目標。 2002年峇裡島爆炸案造成202人死亡，至今仍是印尼史上傷亡最慘重的恐怖主義行為。自2011年以來，恐怖攻擊的目標已從西方國家利益轉向印尼警察。雖然有效的反恐行動減少了大規模襲擊，但極端主義網絡仍然存在並調整了其策略。

政治動盪

2025 年，大規模反政府示威活動在印尼頻傳發生。第一波抗議活動於 2025 年 2 月 17 日由學生和民間團體發起。第三波主要抗議活動爆發於 2025 年 8 月 25 日至 31 日左右，最初是由報道稱議員除了工資外，每月還領取 5000 萬印尼盾（約合 3000 美元）的住房補貼，這幾乎是雅加達最低工資的 10 倍。 8 月 28 日，21 歲的送貨司機阿凡·庫尼亞萬 (Affan Kurniawan) 被一輛裝甲警車撞死，抗議活動升級為暴力事件。這起死亡事件引發了雅加達、泗水、梭羅、日惹、棉蘭、望加錫、萬鴉老、萬隆和馬諾誇裡等地的全國性暴力事件。至少有 10 人在騷亂中喪生。抗議者焚燒了車輛、政府大樓和地區議會大樓。示威者洗劫了議員和財政部長的住所。望加錫的地區立法機構大樓發生火災，造成三人死亡。截至 9 月初，警方在全國範圍內逮捕了 3,195 人，其中雅加達有 1,240 人。總統普拉博沃·蘇比安托下令軍警對暴亂者和搶劫者採取嚴厲措施，並暗示暴力行為類似於恐怖主義和叛國行為。警方向萬隆大學的抗議者發射催淚瓦斯和橡皮子彈。示威活動蔓延至爪哇、蘇門答臘、蘇拉威西和加里曼丹。抗議活動反映出人們對經濟狀況根深蒂固的不滿、政治上的沮喪以及對菁英脫節的看法。學生、工人和婦女權利團體領導了示威活動。即使是和平示威也隨時可能演變成暴力事件。安全部隊可能會使用催淚瓦斯和水槍驅散人群。全國各地長期存在宗派和社會緊張局勢，儘管安全行動仍在持續，但仍有可能發生暴力事件。

應避免的區域

巴布亞中部和高地省份面臨的風險最高，受到多國政府四級「禁止旅行」警告的管轄。巴布亞武裝分離主義團體正在為獨立而戰，自 2018 年以來暴力事件穩步增加。分離主義團體和政府安全部隊之間經常發生武裝衝突，導致包括外國公民在內的平民死亡。 2020 年，一名紐西蘭國民在巴布亞高地的一個採礦設施被槍殺。 2023 年 2 月，另一名紐西蘭國民在巴布亞高地帕羅被武裝團體劫持為人質，被關押了 500 多天才獲釋。 2024 年，另一名外國飛行員喪生。外國人成為綁架和攻擊的目標，尤其是在偏遠地區。礦區附近的道路曾發生致命事件。分離主義者曾多次攻擊從當地小型機場起飛為偏遠社區提供服務的商用飛機。政治緊張局勢導致巴布亞各城市爆發暴力示威，這些示威可能在短時間內演變成暴力事件。安全情勢難以預測，瞬息萬變。亞齊省執行伊斯蘭教法，適用於穆斯林和非穆斯林。從班達亞齊到棉蘭的公路上曾發生武裝搶劫事件。亞齊存在綁架威脅。宗教警察執行嚴格的規定，包括禁止飲酒、賭博和婚外性行為，違者可處以公開鞭刑。中蘇拉威西省，尤其是帕盧、波索和滕特納，政治局勢依然動盪，安全部隊與恐怖分子之間衝突不斷。 2021年發生了針對警察和平民的攻擊事件，主要發生在西吉、帕里吉·穆通和波索地區。馬魯古群島經歷了不同宗教和部落群體之間的動亂和暴力衝突。安汶島和哈魯庫島需要特別謹慎。東加里曼丹和西加里曼丹曾發生包括綁架在內的暴力犯罪。