United Kingdom - Scotland
關於United Kingdom - Scotland
| 貨幣 | Pounds sterling (GBP) |
| 語言 | English and scots |
| 資本金 | Edinburgh |
Scotland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom (UK) located north of England. The United Kingdom is part of Europe but is separated from Europe by the North Sea and the English Channel.
The government of the UK is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy with a queen as chief of state and a prime minister as head of government. The parliament consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
Scotland is divided into the Highlands, the Midland Valley, and the Southern Uplands. In the first century AD, Romans invaded and occupied areas of southern Britain. Their expansion was stopped by the fierce fighting tribes in the northern area that is now Scotland. Celtic people from Ireland, the Scots, settled Scotland about the 5th century. Anglo Saxons settled the Lowlands, and for centuries, there was continual conflict between the groups.
From about 1296, battles for independence from England began led by William Wallace and Robert the Bruce. Wallace was captured and executed. Robert the Bruce won a major battle at Bannockburn in 1314 against Edward II. Finally in 1328, Scotland’s independence was formally recognized by Edward III. Conflict between England did not formally end until 1707 with the Act of Union, which merged Scotland and England and established the Kingdom of Great Britain.
Banking and business services make up a large part of employment in Scotland. Tourism has grown and is becoming another important sector of the economy. Tourists can enjoy the many castles, museums and the culture of Glasgow and Edinburgh, the Palace of Holyrood house, as well as watching for the Loch Ness monster in the Highlands.
United Kingdom - Scotland的建議疫苗接種
對於一些旅行者
乙肝疫苗
Hepatitis B vaccine is often recommended for travellers to this country.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a low risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, however, the vaccination is recommended.
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
ick蟲腦炎疫苗
Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is recommended if travelling where contact with ticks might occur (camping, hiking, outdoor activities) during early spring to late autumn.
脊髓灰質炎疫苗
NathNAC recommends that all travellers complete a polio vaccination course according to the UK schedule or their national programme.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers whose activities or employment may bring them into direct contact with wild animals or bats (i.e. adventure travellers, veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers, etc.).
United Kingdom - Scotland的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對United Kingdom - Scotland的建議。
United Kingdom - Scotland要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis A
There is a low risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B occurs in this country.
對於一些旅行者
Tuberculosis
Travellers to this country are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the healthcare field, or having close prolonged contact with an infected person.
Measles
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
There is a risk of Tick-borne Encephalitis in some areas of this country. The transmission season varies, however, ticks are most active during early spring to late autumn.
Polio
The United Kingdom reported circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) detected in environmental (sewage) samples in London in May 2022. All travellers should take care with personal and food hygeine.
Rabies
Rabies has not been reported in the United Kingdom and is considered a low risk for travellers, However, it may occur in bats.
United Kingdom - Scotland中的安全性
人身安全
蘇格蘭的犯罪率維持在疫情前水準以下，是英國最安全的地區之一。截至 2024 年 12 月的一年中，蘇格蘭警方記錄了 298,308 起犯罪案件，比前一年下降了 1%。全國犯罪率為每 10,000 人 545 起犯罪。大多數記錄在案的犯罪屬於不誠實和非性暴力等類別，其中普通攻擊佔暴力犯罪統計數據的大部分。蘇格蘭的整體犯罪率低於英格蘭和威爾斯。主要城市的犯罪率高於全國平均。格拉斯哥的犯罪率最高，每 10,000 人發生 812 起犯罪，而愛丁堡每 10,000 人記錄為 679 起。鄧迪報告每 10,000 名居民發生 847 起犯罪。近年來，詐欺和竊盜犯罪增加，扒竊發生在擁擠的旅遊區和購物區。網路犯罪呈上升趨勢，尤其是在性犯罪和詐欺等類別中。警方破案率維持合理水平，2024-25年破案率為56%。某些類型的犯罪，例如危害社會犯罪，破案率超過93%，而財產犯罪的破案率較低，約35%。
極端暴力
蘇格蘭的嚴重暴力犯罪已從 2003 年至 2011 年期間的高峰下降。 2024-25 年，嚴重攻擊和謀殺未遂佔非性暴力犯罪的 4%。謀殺和謀殺未遂率仍然很低。截至 2024 年 12 月的一年中，非性暴力犯罪數量為 70,637 起，比前一年下降了 2%。從 2015-16 年到 2024-25 年的十年間，搶劫事件增加了 34%，儘管它們僅佔暴力犯罪的 3%。恐怖主義威脅等級由英國安全部門管理。 2024 年夏天，蘇格蘭避免了英格蘭和北愛爾蘭部分地區發生的極右翼暴力和騷亂。蘇格蘭警方密切監視這些事件，但報告指出沒有情報顯示蘇格蘭會發生類似事件。該國獨特的公民身份和政治氣候促成了這一結果。
政治動盪
蘇格蘭經常發生和平的政治抗議和示威活動。蘇格蘭警察局全年協助組織多起抗議活動，並與主辦單位合作，確保集會合法進行。其做法強調在維護公共安全的同時保護和平抗議的權利。在格拉斯哥舉行的 COP26 等重大活動中，都出現了大規模示威活動，但這些示威活動基本上受到控制，沒有發生嚴重事故。 2024 年，愛丁堡、格拉斯哥、鄧迪和鄧弗里斯舉行了反種族主義示威活動，獲得了大量支持。最近的政治示威活動主要集中在氣候行動、反種族主義和國際議題。反抗議活動也時有發生，但通常由警察聯絡小組管理。旨在擾亂活動的辱罵或威脅行為會構成安全風險，不被視為合法抗議。蘇格蘭的抗議環境與英國其他一些地區不同，移民問題在當地並不是一個兩極化的政治議題。
應避免的區域
格拉斯哥的犯罪率高於蘇格蘭其他地區，尤其是在安德斯頓、城市和約克山等中心地區。扒手等不誠實犯罪是這些地區最常見的違法行為。格拉斯哥週邊的波斯爾帕克、戈萬和德拉姆查佩爾等街區某些類型的犯罪率較高。愛丁堡市中心總體上保持安全，但周五和周六晚上，洛錫安路和格拉斯市場等地區可能會擠滿醉酒者。各大城市的旅遊區都存在著竊盜和扒竊等機會性犯罪，尤其是在節慶期間。由於人群擁擠和警力減少，格拉斯哥的中央火車站在周末深夜可能會讓人感到恐懼。大多數遊客和商務旅客在遊覽標準旅遊區和商業區時不會遇到安全問題。偏遠的農村地區沒有嚴重的犯罪問題，但有些地方依賴私人供水，需要額外考慮。
