Antarctica
關於Antarctica
| 貨幣 | None (None) |
| 語言 | There is no official language. Different languages may be spoken at different research stations. Major languages include Russian, English, German, Norwegian, Swedish and Spanish. |
| 資本金 | None |
Antarctica, located almost entirely below the Antarctic Circle, is Earth’s most southern continent. Covering approximately 14,000,000 km2, Antarctica it is the fifth-largest continent on the globe. Approximately 98% of the territory is covered in ice.
Seven countries have made claims to the territory, but not all these claims are recognized by other countries and some of these claims overlap. In an attempt to establish a legal framework for the continent and its use, the Antarctic Treaty was signed in 1959 by 12 nations. The treaty does not deny claims to the land, nor does it recognize these existing claims. Instead it states that Antarctica shall be used for peaceful purposes, for scientific research and for international cooperation. It also states that scientific information gained on the continent must be exchanged freely between nations, and between nations and international agencies such as the UN. Today, 53 nations have signed the treaty and 30 countries operate research stations on the continent. It is this treaty that forms the basis of the Antarctic Treaty System which governs Antarctica.
There is no indigenous population of Antarctica, however researchers from around the world maintain permanent research stations on the continent. Approximately 1,000 people live and work on the continent in the winter, while approximately 5,000 people live and work on the continent in the summer.
Antarctica is the coldest, driest and windiest continent on Earth. It also has the highest average elevation; the average elevation is between 2000m-4000m above sea level.
Despite the inhospitable weather conditions, tourist companies based abroad have established a small tourism industry for Antarctica. In 2014-2015, approximately 36,700 tourists visited the continent, most on commercial ships or private yachts. Commercial fishing also contributes to Antarctica’s small economy. There is no Antarctic currency. U.S. dollars, Pound Sterling and Euro are accepted in some areas.
There are no diseases to report, nor vaccinations required for Antarctica. Ensure routine vaccinations are up to date.
Antarctica的建議疫苗接種
對於一些旅行者
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is generally recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities.
麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.
Antarctica的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Antarctica的建議。
Antarctica要注意的疾病
對於一些旅行者
Measles
There is no known risk of Measles in this country. However, there may be a risk of acquiring the disease when sharing close living quarters with people from many different places on a cruise ship or other modes of transportation.
Rabies
Rabies has not been reported in this country. Travellers are considered to be at a low risk. However, bats may carry the disease. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid bats, and other infected mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates could be at risk.
Antarctica中的安全性
人身安全
南極洲面臨的環境危害遠超過一般人身安全問題。惡劣的天氣和惡劣的環境條件會嚴重威脅您的安全，包括凍傷、體溫過低、脫水和雪盲症。通常情況下，南極洲缺乏緊急應變和醫療救治，搜救行動也十分有限。醫療後送可能需要數天時間，具體取決於您的位置，返回南美洲或前往飛機跑道可能需要長達三天時間。出發前，您需要購買全面的旅行和醫療後送保險。南極洲沒有常住人口，因此針對遊客的犯罪行為基本上不存在。然而，科考站的工作人員曾發生過一些事件，包括與隔離和心理壓力相關的攻擊和暴力事件。科考站與旅遊區隔離，因此這些事件不會影響遊客。您必須與專業的旅行社或探險團隊同行，因為不允許獨立旅行。該地區沒有電話或網路等公共設施。
極端暴力
南極洲沒有政府、軍事存在或有組織的暴力活動。從未有過針對遊客的極端暴力事件記錄。該大陸受《南極條約體系》管轄，該體系將南極洲確立為和平與科學區。條約禁止任何軍事活動。由於與世隔絕、心理壓力和惡劣的生活條件，科考站的工作人員之間曾發生暴力事件。這些事件，包括2018年在俄羅斯科考站發生的持刀傷人事件和2025年在南非科考站發生的攻擊指控，都涉及研究人員，不會影響遊客。旅遊區與科考站營運完全分開。遊客在專業探險隊的監督下分組旅行，不會面臨暴力風險。國際南極旅行社協會執行嚴格的指導方針，將旅遊活動與科學活動分開。
政治動盪
南極洲沒有政府、政治體系和平民，因此不存在政治動盪。該大陸受53個國家簽署的《南極條約體系》管轄，該體系將南極洲指定為致力於和平與科學研究的區域。沒有任何國家擁有南極洲，根據該條約，任何國家對其的領土主張都被暫停。南極洲上沒有發生抗議、示威、內亂或政治暴力。該條約明確禁止在南極洲進行軍事活動。旅遊活動和科學研究在沒有任何政治緊張或乾擾的情況下進行。您在訪問期間不會遇到任何政治問題。唯一的治理措施涉及環境保護協議和國家之間的科學研究協調。
應避免的區域
南極洲沒有因犯罪或內亂而限制進入的區域。然而，出於環境和科學原因，特定區域需要許可證或限制進入。南極特別保護區需要許可證才能進入，以保護脆弱的生態系統和科學研究基地。這些限制適用於遊客和研究人員。旅行社負責辦理所有必要的許可，您不能單獨進入這些區域。在2024-2025年期間，某些地點受到限制，以保護野生動物免受禽流感的侵害，但整體旅遊業仍在正常運作。未經國家計畫事先許可，科考站及其周邊地區禁止遊客進入。南極等科考站周圍的科學區域設有特定區域，並限制進入，以保護敏感的研究設備免受干擾。冰隙地帶構成嚴重的物理危險，探險嚮導會仔細規劃路線以避免這些隱患。出於安全考慮，冰況不穩定的區域可能會暫時限制進入。您的旅行社和探險團隊將確定登陸和活動的安全區域。在岸上活動期間，您必須遵循指定的路徑並留在標記區域內。
