Egypt

Egypt的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended. Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against the disease.

對於一些旅行者

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

黃熱病疫苗

A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers over 9 months of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. All arrivals from Sudan are required to possess either a vaccination certificate or a location certificate issued by a Sudanese official centre stating that they have not been in Sudan south of 15°N within the previous 6 days.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within Egypt, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, or staying with friends and family.

脊髓灰質炎疫苗

A single lifetime booster dose of Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) is recommended for adults who received the routine polio vaccination series as children

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

One dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) is recommended to infants 6 to 11 months prior to international travel.

Egypt的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Because the risk of exposure to malaria is so low, anti-malaria medications are not recommended.

Egypt要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Egypt.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Egypt through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever has occurred in this country.

對於一些旅行者

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring hantavirus in Egypt through contaminated food or by coming into contact with someone infected with the virus.

Zika Fever

There is an increased risk of this disease in this country.

Polio

There is a risk of acquiring Polio in the country and is transmitted from one person to another when droplets from a sneeze or cough of an infected person gets into the mouth of another person.

Measles

There is a risk of exposure to measles in the country.

African Tick Bite Fever

There is an increased risk of this disease in this country.

West Nile Fever

Outbreaks of West Nile virus occur in both tropical and temperate regions in Egypt.

Schistosomiasis

The parasite that causes schistosomiasis is found in the Nile delta area and the Nile valley of Egypt. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.

Malaria

There is a very limited risk for malaria from June to October in some areas. Although the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states there is no malaria transmission, the World Health Organization reported some cases in El Faiyum Governorate in 2013. NaTHNac reports sporadic cases in the Aswan Governorate in 2014.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Egypt. The risk is higher when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

This disease may occur in the country.

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

This disease may occur in the country.

Yellow Fever

There is no risk of yellow fever transmission. However, a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers over 9 months of age arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. All arrivals from Sudan are required to possess either a vaccination certificate or a location certificate issued by a Sudanese official centre stating that they have not been in Sudan south of 15°N within the previous 6 days.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Leishmaniasis

There is a very low risk of leishmaniasis in this country. There have been some cases in rural areas of Egypt, and those most at risk are soldiers, labourers and immuno-compromised adults.

Egypt中的安全性

人身安全

開羅和亞歷山大的犯罪率保持中等。大多數針對外國人的犯罪都是機會主義的，例如搶錢包和扒竊，特別是在擁擠的旅遊區和公共交通工具上。針對遊客的暴力犯罪很少見。各國大使館都接獲性侵害的報告，大多發生在紅海度假區，通常涉及飯店人員或旅行社工作人員。您應該在離開該國之前向旅遊警察報告任何犯罪行為（撥打 126），因為一旦離開該國，起訴就會變得困難。在考古遺址和市場，針對遊客的濫收費用和詐騙很常見。咄咄逼人的商販可能會提供不想要的禮物，然后索要金錢。大多數主要遺址都派駐了旅遊警察協助。近年來，船宿潛水船上發生的事件引起了人們的擔憂。 2019 年至 2024 年間，紅海潛水船發生了 16 起事故，造成人員死亡。紅海的鯊魚攻擊事件仍然很少見，但還是發生過，包括 2024 年 12 月在馬薩阿拉姆附近發生的致命攻擊。請僅透過信譽良好的業者預訂潛水行程，並要求進行全面的安全簡報。

極端暴力

與前幾年相比，2023 年埃及的恐怖活動大幅減少。 2023 年，伊斯蘭國西奈省發動的攻擊不到 10 起，大多數針對北西奈的安全部隊。大多數事件涉及簡易爆炸裝置和小型武器，每次傷亡不到 5 人。埃及任何地方都可能發生恐怖攻擊，宗教場所和旅遊景點是潛在目標。埃及當局在旅遊景點配備大量保全人員，包括武裝警察、金屬探測器和便衣警察。 2023 年 10 月，兩名以色列遊客和一名埃及導遊在亞歷山大的槍擊事件中喪生。 2024 年 5 月，一名以色列男子在亞歷山大被一個聲稱要報復加薩的組織殺害。 2023 年的槍擊事件造成兩名以色列遊客和一名導遊死亡。儘管風險加劇，每年仍有數百萬遊客安全前往埃及。政府對旅遊區嚴加保護，因為旅遊業對經濟仍然至關重要。北西奈仍然特別危險，偶爾會發生針對安全和平民的攻擊。旅行警告稱，儘管總體威脅已較前幾年的峰值大幅下降，但極端分子仍然表現出策劃襲擊的興趣。

政治動盪

埃及的政治環境十分緊張。安全部隊對抗議和騷亂採取了強有力的應對措施。示威活動時有發生，且難以預測，通常由政治或經濟問題引發，發生在假日和國際活動期間。過去的示威活動曾演變成暴力事件。參與任何政治活動或在社群媒體上發布批評政府內容的外國人都有可能被拘留。 2024年7月至9月期間，當局拘留了119多名在社群媒體上呼籲反政府抗議的人，包括抱怨經濟狀況和停電的貼文。 2024年1月，電信和地鐵票價上漲引發了抗議活動。安全部隊迅速鎮壓了2023年10月加薩衝突期間出現的街頭激進主義。在軍方的支持下，塞西總統穩固地掌握權力，但該國仍面臨嚴峻的經濟挑戰，包括2023年達到38%峰值的通貨膨脹率以及自2022年以來超過200%的貨幣貶值。議會對行政權力缺乏有效的製衡，塞西內閣制定的法律無需任何異議即可獲得批准。即使靠近抗議活動現場也可能導致被拘留。 2019年和2020年，安全部隊在反政府示威活動中逮捕了數千人。請避免參加所有示威活動和大型集會，因為局勢可能在沒有任何預警的情況下迅速變化。

應避免的區域

由於恐怖主義威脅和暴力犯罪率高，請勿前往北西奈省，包括塔巴-蘇伊士公路。 ISIS 經常襲擊那裡的安全部隊和平民。由於恐怖主義風險，請勿在埃及與利比亞邊境 40 至 50 公里範圍內旅行。除非與有執照的旅行社一起旅行，否則請避開西部沙漠，因為偏遠地區缺乏基礎設施和緊急服務。黑沙漠和白沙漠需要許可證和有執照的導遊。埃及邊境地區處於軍事控制之下，非軍事人員的行動受到限製或禁止。北西奈半島和中西奈半島仍然特別危險，偶爾會發生攻擊。由於緊急基礎設施有限，美國政府員工只能前往西奈半島內的沙姆沙伊赫和附近的紅海沿岸地區。進入聖凱瑟琳修道院和西奈山需要獲得埃及軍事情報局和旅遊警察的許可。埃及東南部的一些道路禁止外國人通行。在開羅，天黑後應避開低收入社區，包括馬塔里亞、艾因沙姆斯、亡靈之城和曼謝亞特納斯爾。熱門示威地點包括解放廣場和開羅美國大學週邊地區。埃及北部城市盧克索和阿斯旺以及紅海度假勝地赫爾格達、馬薩阿拉姆和沙姆沙伊赫通常被認為是安全的，但仍需採取標準預防措施。未爆炸地雷在沙漠和沿海地區仍有風險，包括地中海沿岸、西部沙漠、西奈半島和蘇伊士灣西岸。