Sint Maarten
關於Sint Maarten
| 貨幣 | Netherlands Antillean guilder (ANG) |
| 語言 | English; Dutch |
| 資本金 | Philipsburg |
Sint Maarten is located in the Caribbean in the Leeward Islands east of the U.S. Virgin Islands. The northern half of this island is Saint Martin, a French Overseas Collectivity. The southern half of the island is an autonomous country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, with a population of about 39,000 people. The government is a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy. Sint Maarten’s chief of state is the King of the Netherlands represented by a governor, and the head of government is a prime minister. The Netherlands retains responsibility for defence and foreign affairs.
Christopher Columbus sighted the island in 1493, and over the years, the island was claimed and/or occupied by the Spanish, French, and Dutch. When the Eighty Years’ War ended, the Spanish left the island since they no longer needed a base in the Caribbean. The French and Dutch claimed the island, and after some clashes, a treaty was signed in 1648, which divided the island between them.
In 1939, the island became a free port, and thus began a boom in international trade and tourism. The Princess Juliana International Airport opened in 1943, and four years later, the island’s first hotel opened.
Today tourism plays a large part in the economy of Sint Maarten. Hundreds of thousands of people visit every year and enjoy the beaches, hiking, water sports and casinos.
Sint Maarten的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination for rabies is recommended only for persons who may come in contact with bats.
黃熱病疫苗
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. Sint Maarten requires a certificate of yellow fever vaccination from all travellers 9 months of age or older if arriving from a region where there is a risk of yellow fever.
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Sint Maarten的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Sint Maarten的建議。
Sint Maarten要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Sint Maarten.
Hepatitis A
There is a risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Sint Maarten through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.
Dengue Fever
Outbreaks of dengue fever may occur.
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever occurs in Sint Maarten.
對於一些旅行者
Zika Fever
Local transmission of Zika virus infection has been reported.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Sint Maarten, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Yellow Fever
There is no risk of yellow fever transmission in this country. Sint Maarten requires a certificate of yellow fever vaccination from all travellers 9 months of age or older if arriving from a region where there is a risk of yellow fever.
Rabies
Rabies occurs only in bats in Sint Maarten. There is a risk of exposure to bat bites for travellers involved in outdoor and other activities in remote areas that might bring them into direct contact with bats (such as adventure travellers and cavers).
Sint Maarten中的安全性
人身安全
聖馬丁島的犯罪率中等，對遊客和當地人都有影響。扒手、搶錢包和偷租賃車等輕微犯罪時有發生，尤其是在旅遊區。 2023年上半年，該島記錄了62起被盜車輛，其中21起是租賃汽車。 2024年7月，警方根據《槍支條例》加強了攔截搜查權力，以應對槍擊事件的激增。遊艇竊盜和入室竊盜時有發生，別墅比飯店更容易被竊。武裝搶劫案時有報道，遊客偶爾會被騎摩托車的人跟蹤。大多數暴力犯罪與毒品有關，很少針對遊客。該島是南美洲與歐洲或北美之間的毒品中轉站，當局估計許多犯罪與此活動有關。請隨時保管好您的財物。天黑後避免獨自在菲利普斯堡、馬里戈特和法國一側的桑迪格朗德行走。該島在機場使用人體掃描儀和行李檢查。警察人員配備問題仍然令人擔憂，據報道，晚上 11 點至早上 7 點的夜班有時只有兩名警官值班。
極端暴力
聖馬丁島上曾發生與毒品有關的暴力犯罪，但很少影響到遊客。該島是從南美洲到歐洲和北美的毒品通道，當局指出這導致了大部分暴力事件。槍擊事件週期性激增，促使警方實施加強攔截和搜查權力。 2024 年 7 月，兩週內發生了五起槍擊事件，造成一人死亡。 2024 年，加強槍枝執法措施的期限在全年多次延長。武裝搶劫時有發生，但不常見。 2019 年，一名加拿大男子在一次搶劫未遂事件中保護女兒時被槍殺。 2006 年，一對來自紐約的同性伴侶在酒吧外被四名男子用撬胎棒襲擊。這對夫婦受重傷，需要住院治療。在某些街區，如 Sucker Garden，幫派活動和毒品犯罪時有發生。 2022 年記錄了 8 起非暴力遊艇相關事件，其中大部分是潟湖和辛普森灣地區的竊盜案。初審法院已對連續持械搶劫和致命槍擊案作出判決。大多數暴力事件源自於毒品交易內部或當地團體之間的糾紛，而非針對遊客。
政治動盪
荷屬聖馬丁島法屬部分的政治動盪比荷屬部分更為嚴重。 2021年，桑迪格朗德和奧爾良的抗議活動演變成暴力衝突，道路被封鎖，車輛被焚燒，建築垃圾被焚燒。七名憲兵在衝突中受傷，其中兩人傷勢嚴重，其中一人大腿中彈。這場騷亂源自於多種不滿情緒，包括颶風「伊爾瑪」過後重建緩慢、強制接種疫苗要求、自然風險預防區爭議以及集體工會員工的要求。抗議者封鎖道路，用偷來的餐廳家具設置路障，破壞小型企業。暴力事件期間，飯店取消了預訂，遊輪公司暫停了前往法屬部分的巴士遊。 2019年，抗議活動的焦點是重建優先事項以及他們認為紅區建築許可是基於財富和種族的雙重標準。在集體代表與省長會晤後，抗議活動逐漸平息。荷屬聖馬丁島方面，政治不穩定影響了治理。荷屬聖馬丁島政府執政僅17天后，於2024年5月因聯盟成員叛逃而垮台。 2021年，荷蘭方面爆發了抗議強制接種疫苗、低最低工資、高生活成本以及退休金資格變更的示威活動。示威活動可能會擾亂雙方的交通和公共交通。由於法國方面與法國本土的聯繫，在法國本土宣布的罷工有時會造成當地秩序的混亂。
應避免的區域
在某些街區要格外小心。荷蘭首都菲利普斯堡的街頭犯罪率較高，尤其是在天黑之後。當地人和常客建議夜間避開菲利普斯堡市中心。在法國一側，馬里戈特和桑迪格朗德在天黑後會變得不那麼安全。荷蘭區犯罪率很高，不建議遊客前往。深夜時應避開聖馬丁醫療中心週邊地區。薩克花園的幫派活動和毒品犯罪率很高。遠離該街區，並在穿越週邊地區時要小心。夜間避開荒涼的海灘和黑暗的小巷，因為這些地方為機會主義犯罪提供了掩護。從牡蠣池到奧爾良的風景秀麗的沿海路線在夜間非常黑暗且蜿蜒。雖然大多數海灘在白天是安全的，但日落後要避開偏僻的海灘。偏遠地區的別墅比人口稠密地區的飯店或度假村面臨更高的入室盜竊風險。在2019年和2021年的抗議活動期間，法國一側的道路曾出現堵塞，不過這些只是暫時的。馬霍、辛普森灣和東方灣等熱門旅遊區整體安全。美食之都格蘭德凱斯在餐廳營業時間安全，但深夜需保持警覺。黎明海灘雖然地處偏遠，但白天仍可到達。
