Georgia
關於Georgia
| 貨幣 | Lari (GEL) |
| 語言 | Georgian |
| 資本金 | Tbilisi |
Georgia is a country in southwestern Asia between Turkey and Russia and bordering the Black Sea. Neighbouring countries also include Armenia and Azerbaijan. The population of Georgia is about 4.5 million people.
Georgia’s government is a republic. A president is chief of state and is also the head of government for the Ministries of Defense and Internal Affairs. A prime minister is head of government for all other ministries.
Georgia was formerly part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. At the beginning of the 19th century, Russia annexed Georgia. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, Georgia was annexed again, this time by the Soviet Union. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Georgia went through a period of political and economic crises until the new democratic reforms were introduced through the Rose Revolution. Today the relations with Russia are strained, and Georgia is developing closer relationships with the United States and the European Union.
Visitors to Georgia can enjoy ski resorts, wineries, cave monasteries and other historical sights.
Georgia的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country. Therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
對於一些旅行者
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
卡介苗芽孢桿菌(BCG)疫苗
BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk from coming in close contact with infected persons or for unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who will live in Georgia for more than 3 months.
麻疹,腮腺炎,風疹(MMR)疫苗
A dose of Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all travellers over 6 months of age.
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities, rural areas, where water and food may not be safe.
Georgia的推薦藥物
對於一些旅行者
抗瘧藥
Anti-malarial medication is not recommended. Use mosquito avoidance procedures.
Georgia要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Georgia.
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Georgia through contaminated food or water.
對於一些旅行者
West Nile Fever
There is a risk of acquiring West Nile virus in this country.
Rift Valley Fever (RVF)
Sporadic outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) may occur in this country.
Measles
There is a risk of Measles in this country, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months.
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring Hantavirus in this country through the consumption of food and water contaminated by an infected rodent or through rodent bites.
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
There is a risk of acquiring Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in this country through specific insect, bug or tick bites or by coming in close contact with a person or animal infected with this disease. Travellers involved in activities like hiking, camping, working with animals, and visiting farms and forested areas are at a higher risk. There are no vaccinations (or medications) to prevent Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever.
Malaria
There is a limited risk for malaria from June to October in rural southeastern Georgia.
Tuberculosis
Travellers to Georgia are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting ill friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis occurs in this country.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Georgia, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where water and food may not be safe.
Georgia中的安全性
人身安全
與許多國家相比,喬治亞的犯罪率普遍較低。扒手等輕微犯罪在擁擠的旅遊區和公共交通工具上時有發生,但與同類目的地相比有所降低。針對遊客的詐騙時有發生,尤其是在第比利斯和巴統,有人可能會邀請遊客到酒吧或餐廳,並支付高額賬單。您應該使用Bolt等應用程式預訂計程車,而不是在街上叫車,以避免被多收費。請避開與南奧塞梯和阿布哈茲的行政邊界沿線地區,因為這些被俄羅斯佔領的分離地區存在安全風險,包括未爆炸彈藥、邊界劃分不清以及潛在的拘留。根據格魯吉亞法律,從俄羅斯經這些地區進入格魯吉亞是非法的,可處以罰款或監禁。潘基西峽谷地區與恐怖活動有著歷史淵源,但目前的安全措施非常嚴格。提比里斯經常發生政治示威活動,尤其是在魯斯塔韋利大道,示威者與警察之間可能會發生衝突。請與抗議活動保持距離,並關注當地媒體以獲取最新消息。據報道,酒吧和夜總會中存在飲料下藥的情況,因此切勿接受陌生人的飲料或將飲料留在無人看管的地方。
極端暴力
格魯吉亞近年來未發生恐怖事件,2023年未通報任何攻擊事件。該國透過與國際夥伴密切合作的國家安全局,保持著強而有力的反恐立法和能力。 2023年,當局逮捕了9名格魯吉亞公民和3名外國人,罪名是ISIS。儘管潘基西峽谷地區歷史上與恐怖分子招募有關,但恐怖主義威脅等級仍然較低。 2023年至2024年,喬治亞的暴力犯罪下降了約10.5%,兇殺案下降速度低於全國平均。南奧塞梯和阿布哈茲這兩個被佔領地區過去經歷過衝突、汽車炸彈和恐怖攻擊,至今仍存在著未爆炸的地雷。這些分離領土及其周邊地區曾發生過犯罪事件和綁架事件。喬治亞參與了國際反恐項目,包括歐洲刑警組織的恐怖主義融資追蹤計畫和聯合國監測恐怖分子旅行的系統。到2024年,安全局勢保持平靜穩定,邊境安全措施有效,包括電子人臉辨識系統和在大部分州邊界實施全天候視訊監控。
政治動盪
自 2024 年 10 月以來,喬治亞經歷了持續的政治緊張和示威活動。此前,觀察家認為,喬治亞州舉行了有爭議的議會選舉,存在根本缺陷。提比利斯經常發生抗議活動,尤其是在魯斯塔韋利大街和議會大樓周圍,巴統、庫塔伊西、祖格迪迪和波季也發生了示威活動。這些集會不時演變成暴力事件,警方使用催淚瓦斯、水砲、胡椒噴霧和橡皮子彈驅散抗議者。數百名抗議者因輕罪和刑事指控被捕,有可靠的報告稱,拘留期間有人遭到毆打和虐待,需要住院治療。 2025 年 10 月,一場企圖起義涉及 2 萬人,抗議者與安全部隊發生衝突,造成人員受傷。政府於 2024 年 11 月中止了加入歐盟的談判,示威活動愈演愈烈。當局於 2024 年 12 月通過了限制性立法,實際上將象徵性抗議行為定為犯罪,並賦予警方更大的拘留權。針對外國資助組織和限制LGBTQ權利的新法律引發了公眾的憤怒。與當局有關的暴力團體參與了攻擊抗議者和記者的活動。如果您參加政治示威活動,您可能會在出境時面臨額外詢問、被拒絕再次入境或面臨刑事指控。請避免參加所有公開抗議和示威活動,密切注意當地媒體,並遵守地方政府的指示。抗議期間,交通和其他服務可能會中斷。
應避免的區域
請勿前往南奧塞梯和阿布哈茲,這兩個俄羅斯佔領的格魯吉亞北部和西部分離地區。這些地區存在多重危險,包括俄羅斯軍隊和邊境部隊的佔領、不清晰且經常變化的行政邊界線、過去衝突中未爆炸的地雷和彈藥、恐怖攻擊、犯罪活動和綁架。如果您進入這些地區,則無法獲得領事協助。即使是意外進入這些地區,也可能導致被俄羅斯安全部隊或自行宣布的地方當局拘留和逮捕。行政邊界線通常沒有標記,且遠離道路,這使得意外越境成為可能,尤其是對於在南奧塞梯邊界東側徒步旅行的遊客而言。根據格魯吉亞法律,從俄羅斯經這些地區進入格魯吉亞是非法的,可處以高額罰款或最高四年監禁。請至少遠離與這些地區的行政邊界五公里。這些地區的財產所有權存在爭議,自蘇聯解體以來,成千上萬的流離失所者提出了索賠要求,這給財產交易帶來了嚴重的財務和法律影響。途經南奧塞梯附近的主要公路,包括經哥裡前往格魯吉亞西部的E60公路以及通往卡茲別克和拉恰的路線,目前仍可安全通行。紅橋與亞塞拜然邊境口岸附近可能有未爆彈,請謹慎駕駛。馬塔內和喬拉勒村以北、與俄羅斯接壤的潘基西峽谷地區歷史上與恐怖主義有聯繫,但目前安全狀況有所改善。