Tunisia
關於Tunisia
| 貨幣 | Tunisian dinar (TND) |
| 語言 | Arabic |
| 資本金 | Tunis |
The Tunisian Republic is located in Northern Africa between Algeria and Libya and borders on the Mediterranean Sea. The population is approximately 10.6 million people. Although the official language is Arabic, French is also used in commerce.
The government of Tunisia is a republic with a president as chief of state and elected by popular vote. A prime minister is the head of government and appointed by the president.
Tunisia was a French protectorate until gaining independence in 1956. The first president, Habib Bourguiba ruled for 31 years. He repressed Islamic fundamentalism. Bourguiba also established rights for women, and now Tunisia is the most advanced country among Arab nations in the area of women’s rights. He also established free education and abolished polygamy.
In December 2010, violent protests and riots started over lack of political freedom, poverty, corruption, and unemployment. These protests were met with violent repression. In January 2011, the president dismissed the government and fled the country, and a national unity government was set up. The political situation in Tunisia continues to evolve.
Tunisia is known for its Mediterranean beaches and is a popular tourist destination for Europeans. In recent years, Tunisia has become a destination for ecotourism and medical tourism. Tourism has been an important sector of the economy with approximately 7 million visitors each year.
Tunisia的建議疫苗接種
對於大多數旅行者
乙肝疫苗
There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.
甲型肝炎疫苗
There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended. Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against the disease.
對於一些旅行者
麻疹,腮腺炎,風疹(MMR)疫苗
One dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) is recommended to infants 6 to 11 months prior to international travel.
狂犬病疫苗
Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.
傷寒疫苗
There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Tunisia的推薦藥物
目前沒有針對Tunisia的建議。
Tunisia要注意的疾病
對於大多數旅行者
Hepatitis B
There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Tunisia.
Hepatitis A
There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Tunisia through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.
對於一些旅行者
Hanta Virus
There is a risk of acquiring hantavirus in Tunisia through contaminated food or by coming into contact with someone infected with the virus.
Measles
There is a risk of exposure to measles in the country.
Rift Valley Fever (RVF)
Commonly spread via contact with domesticated animals infected with the virus. These include cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, among others.
West Nile Fever
The virus is transmitted to animals, birds and humans by mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, tiredness, body aches, nausea, and skin rash.
Typhoid Fever
Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Tunisia, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.
Schistosomiasis
The parasite that causes schistosomiasis is found in Tunisia. It is acquired through contact with fresh water, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis occurs mostly in the northern half of Tunisia. It is usually more common in rural than urban areas. The risk of acquiring leishmaniasis is increased in travellers who spend time outdoors in rural areas and at night when sand flies typically feed.
Rabies
Rabies occurs in this country. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.
Tunisia中的安全性
人身安全
突尼斯的犯罪環境對遊客來說較為溫和。扒手和搶包等輕微犯罪主要發生在擁擠的旅遊區、露天市場和繁忙的購物街。據報道,有時還會有從車輛和飯店房間偷竊的事件。在盜竊過程中有時會使用騙局和分散注意力的技巧。您應該將貴重物品存放在飯店保險箱中,而不要將其留在房間或車內。自 2021 年以來,該國經歷了政治和經濟動盪,這導致抗議活動增多,並偶爾引發社會緊張局勢。示威活動經常發生,尤其是在突尼斯市中心和主要城市,通常發生在週末和國家法定節假日,例如 1 月 14 日和 12 月 17 日。雖然許多抗議活動保持和平,但它們可能會演變成暴力事件並擾亂交通網絡。安全部隊可能會使用催淚瓦斯和水槍驅散人群。您必須隨時攜帶身分證明。安全官員和警察檢查站隨處可見,您可能會被要求出示身分證件,恕不另行通知。自 2015 年起,該國一直處於緊急狀態,賦予安全部隊更大的權力,包括進行搜查和逮捕的權力。
極端暴力
突尼斯面臨持續的恐怖主義威脅。自2015年發生重大襲擊事件以來,該國一直處於持續的緊急狀態。 2023年,傑爾巴島一個猶太人朝聖地發生槍擊事件,造成5人死亡,10人受傷。恐怖主義威脅既來自既有組織,也來自自發性的個人。最近發生的事件包括2022年突尼斯市中心一座猶太教堂附近的持刀襲擊事件,造成兩名安全官員受傷;2021年內政部發生的持刀斧襲擊事件;以及2020年的自殺式爆炸事件,造成一名警察死亡,四人受傷。突尼斯安全部隊仍然是主要目標,特別是在包括查姆比山脈在內的邊境地區。安全部隊在突尼斯和其他地區保持高度戒備,在城鎮入口處有明顯人員駐守。恐怖組織繼續在突尼斯西部靠近阿爾及利亞邊境的山區活動。 2022年1月至4月,當局搗毀了148個恐怖分子窩點。內政部宣布,2023年逮捕了203名與恐怖主義相關的嫌疑犯。利比亞和阿爾及利亞邊境地區局勢動盪,暴力事件頻繁。邊境地區發現了簡易爆炸裝置。邊境地區有綁架風險,但綁架事件發生率仍較低。
政治動盪
自 2021 年 7 月凱斯·賽義德總統攫取非常權力以來,政治動盪加劇。他暫停了議會,並於 2022 年 3 月完全解散了議會,並提出賦予自己廣泛權力的新憲法。這引發了反對派團體定期的抗議和示威活動。 2019 年至 2023 年間,該國每年都會發生數百起抗議活動,要求進行改革以解決失業、通貨膨脹和貧窮問題。示威活動集中在突尼斯市中心,但遍布全國。示威活動可能在毫無預警的情況下開始,有時會演變成暴力事件。安全部隊過度使用武力驅散抗議者,包括使用水砲和人身攻擊。罷工和工業行動經常擾亂公共交通、機場、海港和道路網絡。陸地邊境口岸延誤或暫時關閉。當局可能會在短時間內實施宵禁或設立檢查站。自2023年以來,政府已以政治指控逮捕了數十名反對派人士、記者和活動人士。 2024年總統大選前的9月,超過97名反對派伊斯蘭復興黨議員被逮捕。經濟上的不滿引發了絕望的行動,包括2025年初發生的多起自焚事件。高失業率尤其影響大學畢業生,2024年將有超過一半的年輕女性和三分之一的女性畢業生失業。
應避免的區域
由於恐怖主義活動猖獗,除塔巴卡和艾因德拉哈姆兩市外,您應避免前往阿爾及利亞邊境 16 公里範圍內的所有地區。恐怖組織仍在西部邊境山區活動。卡塞林省的查姆比山國家公園、薩盧姆山、薩馬馬山和姆吉拉山是高風險地區,安全部隊正在這些地區進行積極的反恐行動。加夫薩省的奧爾巴塔山地區也存在恐怖活動。由於恐怖主義活動和地區不穩定,請避免前往利比亞邊境 16 公里範圍內的所有地區。利比亞局勢的發展繼續影響突尼斯-利比亞邊境拉斯傑迪爾和德希巴等地區以及本格爾丹和梅德寧等城市的安全。利比亞邊境經常在短時間內關閉所有交通。雷馬達以南的沙漠被政府指定為軍事區。希望進入該軍事區的旅客需獲得特別授權。應避免前往延杜拜省加爾迪馬烏以北和以西的地區,包括費賈國家公園。邊境地區已發現簡易爆炸裝置。阿爾及利亞和突尼斯聯合武裝部隊在阿爾及利亞-突尼斯邊境兩側進行反恐行動。利比亞和阿爾及利亞的不穩定局勢加劇了突尼斯南部的動盪,邊境地區有綁架風險。