Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended. Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against the disease.

對於一些旅行者

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

One dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) is recommended to infants 6 to 11 months prior to international travel.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

A BCG vaccine is recommended for all unvaccinated adults and children under 16 years of age, staying in the country for more than 3 months. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.

黃熱病疫苗

The vaccination for yellow fever is recommended for all travellers 9 months of age and older. Sierra Leone requires all persons entering the country to have proof of the yellow fever vaccination.

霍亂疫苗

The U.K. NaTHNaC recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. These risk factors include: aid workers; those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; travellers for whom the vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, such as chronic medical conditions.

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Sierra Leone的推薦藥物

對於一些旅行者

抗瘧藥

Recommended anti-malaria medication includes atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine. Anti-malaria drug resistance for chloroquine is present.

Sierra Leone要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever outbreaks have occurred in Sierra Leone.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Sierra Leone through contaminated food or water. Infection can still occur at tourist destinations and resorts.

Cholera

Cholera outbreaks occur in Sierra Leone, usually following heavy rainfall and flooding when water sources become contaminated.

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Sierra Leone.

對於一些旅行者

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in the country. The infection is transmitted by the bite of infected phlebotomine sandfly.

Yellow Fever

There is a risk of transmission of and exposure to yellow fever throughout Sierra Leone.

Malaria

All areas are at high risk for malaria.

Measles

There is a risk of exposure to measles in the country.

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

There is a risk of acquiring the Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever in Sierra Leone.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring hantavirus in the country through contaminated food or by coming into contact with someone infected with the virus.

Lassa Fever

There is a risk of acquiring Lassa fever through breathing in unsafe air, eating contaminated food with droppings of infected rats.

African Tick Bite Fever

This disease may occur in this country.

Monkeypox

There is a risk of monkeypox in the country. The disease can be caused by being scratched or bitten by an infected animal (a rodent or primate), or touching animal products, including skins and meat and being near an infected person who is coughing or sneezing.

Sleeping Sickness (Type 1)

There is an increased risk for travellers spending a lot of time outdoors or visiting game parks. Travellers to urban areas not at risk.

West Nile Fever

The virus is transmitted to animals, birds and humans by mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, tiredness, body aches, nausea, and skin rash.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

Commonly spread via contact with domesticated animals infected with the virus. These include cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, among others.

Marburg Haemorrhagic Fever

Marburg hemorrhagic fever is caused by touching infected animals or their body fluids ; touching body fluids (blood or sweat) from an infected person or objects contaminated with the body fluids of a person infected with Ebola or Marburg virus.

Ebola Viral Disease

There is a risk of Ebola in Sierra Leone. Ebola is caused by coming into contact with body fluids from an infected person (alive or dead), such as blood, urine, saliva, and sweat, among others. Medical equipment contaminated with the body fluids of an infected person or a person who died of Ebola or Marburg also causes this disease.

Schistosomiasis

This disease is present in Sierra Leone and is acquired through contact with fresh water, such as swimming, bathing, or rafting. Well-chlorinated swimming pools and contact with saltwater in oceans or seas will not put travellers at risk for schistosomiasis.

Tuberculosis

Travellers to Sierra Leone are at risk for tuberculosis, including multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, if visiting friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Sierra Leone, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in this country. Bats may also carry rabies-like viruses. Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Sierra Leone中的安全性

人身安全

塞拉利昂暴力犯罪頻繁，尤其是在弗里敦。搶劫和襲擊是您在訪問期間常見的風險。扒手和搶劫經常發生在市場、渡輪碼頭以及拉姆利海灘和阿伯丁夜生活場所等人流密集的地區。在全國大部分地區，警方應對嚴重犯罪的能力仍然有限。武裝搶劫、劫車和入室盜竊影響居民和遊客。天黑後搶劫變得更加頻繁。針對外國人的詐騙活動十分猖獗，尤其是透過網路或電子郵件發起的愛情和商業詐騙。黃金詐騙已經使遊客損失了數萬美元。據報道，近年來犯罪率上升，部分原因是毒品使用量上升。由於安全風險加劇，夜幕降臨後您不應離開弗里敦半島。許多外交人員在天黑後禁止前往其他地方。輕微犯罪是威脅的主要形式，但暴力衝突也時常發生。您需要在公共場所保持警惕，避免展示貴重物品。

極端暴力

塞拉利昂近期沒有恐怖主義歷史，但不能排除攻擊的可能性。該國仍容易受到鄰國極端組織的威脅。 2023年11月，安全部隊與武裝團體發生暴力衝突，數百名囚犯從弗里敦中央監獄獲釋，18名安全人員喪生。政府稱這是未遂政變。 2022年8月，因物價上漲而引發的暴力抗議活動導致20多名抗議者和旁觀者以及6名警察喪生。安全部隊在民間騷亂期間過度使用武力。塞拉利昂與幾內亞和賴比瑞亞接壤的邊境地區存在民兵活動、領土爭端和武裝對抗。犯罪集團在這些地區活動，邊境攻擊時有發生。與一些西非國家相比，塞拉利昂針對外國人的綁架風險仍然較低，但網路詐騙有時會將受害者引誘到塞拉利昂，讓他們面臨搶劫或攻擊。內戰於2002年結束，但選舉和大型抗議活動期間的政治暴力事件仍頻繁。武裝團體不再像過去那樣構成系統性威脅，但與政治緊張局勢和犯罪活動相關的零星暴力事件仍然存在。您應該避開發生示威活動的地區，因為示威活動可能在毫無預警的情況下演變成暴力事件。

政治動盪

塞拉利昂的政治局勢高度緊張，尤其是在選舉和有爭議的政治結果方面。 2023年6月的總統大選引發爭議，國內外觀察員對選舉結果的可信度表示擔憂。反對黨拒絕接受選舉結果，並拒絕參加議會。由於政治和經濟問題，示威和抗議活動經常發生，通常發生在假日和大型活動前後。過去的示威活動已經演變成暴力事件。 2022年8月，因生活成本上漲而引發的抗議活動導致多人死亡，數百人被捕。抗議者與安全部隊之間的衝突造成了嚴重的傷亡。在2023年選舉前的幾個月裡，政治街頭集會被禁止。塞拉利昂的兩黨制在民族和區域方面存在嚴重分歧。塞拉利昂人民黨獲得了門德族占主導地位的南部的支持，而全民大會黨則依賴坦內族占主導地位的北部的支持。這種兩極化加劇了政治暴力和對抗性言論。政治勢力支持在大城市活動的街頭幫派，使得政治暴力和犯罪暴力交織在一起。青年失業和經濟困境使年輕人容易受到政治操縱。這些模式持續的時間越長，發生大規模內亂的可能性就越大。在2023年充滿爭議的選舉和2023年11月的暴力事件之後，局勢略有穩定，但緊張局勢仍然存在。不排除進一步發生衝突的可能性。您應該避開所有政治集會、示威活動和抗議活動發生的地區。請關注當地媒體，以了解安全局勢的最新動態。

應避免的區域

與幾內亞和利比里亞接壤的邊境地區風險較高。這些地區缺乏有效的巡邏，領土爭端、跨境軍事行動和犯罪活動頻繁。走私者和武裝團體在這些地區活動。邊境口岸可能會在短時間內關閉。在弗里敦，某些街區的犯罪風險較高。剛果十字路口、威爾金森路、拉姆利海灘、阿伯丁以及弗里敦半島和周邊島嶼的海灘度假村都發生搶劫案。拉姆利海灘路靠近高爾夫俱樂部的盡頭在夜間沒有路燈，因此搶劫案頻傳。國家體育場附近竊盜案頻繁，尤其是在音樂會和足球比賽期間。克魯灣和蘇珊灣的犯罪率較高，安全隱患也較大。拉姆利海灘和阿伯丁的夜生活區吸引了犯罪者、扒手和劫匪。由於安全隱患增加，不建議天黑後前往弗里敦半島以外的地方。許多外交人員被禁止在夜間離開首都。偏遠農村地區的警力和緊急應變能力極低。許多地方的移動訊號不穩定，甚至完全沒有訊號。如果這些地區發生意外，救援可能無法到達。