Mongolia

Mongolia的建議疫苗接種

對於大多數旅行者

乙肝疫苗

There is a significant risk of infection with hepatitis B for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended.

甲型肝炎疫苗

There is a significant risk of exposure to hepatitis A for this country, therefore, the vaccination is recommended. Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against the disease.

對於一些旅行者

狂犬病疫苗

Vaccination against rabies is recommended for travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) who may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk and should be vaccinated.

麻疹，腮腺炎，風疹（MMR）疫苗

One dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) is recommended to infants 6 to 11 months prior to international travel.

卡介苗芽孢桿菌（BCG）疫苗

A BCG vaccine is recommended for all unvaccinated adults and children under 16 years of age, staying in the country for more than 3 months. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to administering vaccination for all children from 6 years of age.

傷寒疫苗

There is a risk of exposure to typhoid fever in this country through consumption of unsafe food and water. Since exposure to unsafe sources is variable within this country, the vaccination against typhoid fever is generally recommended, especially when visiting smaller cities or rural areas, where food and water sources may be contaminated.

ick蟲腦炎疫苗

Vaccination against tick borne encephalitis is recommended if travelling in Selenge and Bulgan provinces on the northern border with Russia, around the capital Ulaanbaatar, or in areas where contact with ticks might occur (camping, hiking, outdoor activities below 1,400 meters) during early spring to late autumn (March to November). This vaccine is usually available in countries where this disease occurs.

Mongolia的推薦藥物

目前沒有針對Mongolia的建議。

Mongolia要注意的疾病

對於大多數旅行者

Hepatitis B

There is a significant risk for acquiring hepatitis B in Mongolia.

Hepatitis A

There is a significant risk for hepatitis A virus exposure in Mongolia through contaminated food or water.

對於一些旅行者

Scrub Typhus

Scrub typhus generally occurs year-round in areas of Mongolia.

Measles

There is a risk of exposure to measles in the country.

Hanta Virus

There is a risk of acquiring hantavirus in Mongolia through contaminated food or by coming into contact with someone infected with the virus.

Chikungunya Fever

Chikungunya fever has occurred in this country.

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever

There is a risk of acquiring the Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever in Mongolia.

Leishmaniasis

There is a risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in the country. The infection is transmitted by the bite of infected phlebotomine sandfly.

Typhoid Fever

Unvaccinated people can become infected through contaminated food and water in Mongolia, especially when visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where food and water sources may be contaminated.

Tick-Borne Encephalitis

There is a risk of tick-borne encephalitis in some areas of the country below 1,400 meters. The areas affected are Selenge and Bulgan provinces on the northern border with Russia, and around the capital, Ulaanbaatar. The transmission season varies, however, ticks are most active during early spring to late autumn (March to November).

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis occurs in Mongolia. Travellers to Mongolia are at risk for tuberculosis if visiting sick friends or family, working in the health care field, or having close prolonged contact with the general population.

Rabies

Rabies occurs in Mongolia. Bats may also carry rabies-like viruses.Travellers involved in outdoor activities (e.g., campers, hikers, bikers, adventure travellers, and cavers) may have direct contact with rabid dogs, bats, and other mammals. Those with occupational risks (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, researchers) and long-term travellers and expatriates are at higher risk.

Mongolia中的安全性

人身安全

蒙古總體而言是一個安全的旅遊目的地。美國將蒙古列為一級旅遊警告，在全球和平指數排名中，在163個國家中排名第45位，高於美國、泰國和巴西等熱門旅遊目的地。輕微犯罪仍然是主要問題，尤其是在烏蘭巴托，扒竊和搶劫案件頻發，尤其發生在市場、國家百貨商店、甘丹寺和公共交通等人群密集的場所。在7月的那達慕大會和1月或2月的農曆新年等重大節慶期間，犯罪率會飆升。針對外國人的暴力犯罪並不常見，但確實會發生。即使在白天，在繁忙地區也會出現攻擊事件。您可能會遇到仇外心理的情況，尤其是在涉及醉酒人士的情況下。一些極端民族主義團體將外國人作為攻擊目標，據報道，有外國男性與蒙古或亞洲女性一起遭到攻擊。冒充警察的犯罪者搶劫遊客，尤其是在烏蘭巴託的蘇赫巴托廣場附近。如果有人接近，請要求查看警務證件，並主動提出前往警察局。蒙古合法警察的製服上佩戴名牌，並攜帶身分證明。警察腐敗問題仍然令人擔憂，當地人經常對執法部門表示不信任。天黑後不要獨自在烏蘭巴托行走。在首都以外的地區，犯罪率顯著下降，農村地區被認為更安全，儘管基礎設施和支援服務有限。在偏遠的鄉村地區，遊牧民族的熱情好客依然盛行，旅客經常表示感到受歡迎且安全。

極端暴力

蒙古近期沒有恐怖主義歷史，但當局承認不能排除發生攻擊的可能性。該國被認為恐怖主義威脅較低。沒有活躍的恐怖組織，沒有宗教極端主義，也沒有內亂。蒙古於2012年廢除了死刑，並且沒有義務兵役。自1990年代和平過渡到民主國家以來，該國一直保持穩定的社會環境。蒙古的兇殺案發生率約每十萬人6起。由於人口密度低，與人口較多的國家相比，每起案件在犯罪統計中都顯得更為嚴重。蒙古是人口販運的起源地、中轉地和目的地，其中性剝削是主要形式。由於性別暴力和性別不平等現象嚴重，婦女和兒童尤其容易受到傷害。雖然有暴力犯罪，但在首都以外地區並不常見，即使在烏蘭巴託也相對罕見。大多數暴力事件發生在深夜，通常發生在酒吧和夜總會外。建議在夜間或人跡罕至、光線昏暗的地方謹慎行事。蒙古與鄰國以及包括國際刑警組織在內的國際組織保持密切聯繫，以打擊跨國有組織犯罪。蒙古已與土耳其、哈薩克、吉爾吉斯和俄羅斯簽署了政府間打擊恐怖主義協議。

政治動盪

蒙古週期性地發生示威活動，最常見的是在首都烏蘭巴托。抗議活動可能從和平集會升級為暴力對抗。 2022 年 12 月，因貪腐醜聞而憤怒的抗議者試圖衝擊政府大樓。 2025 年 1 月，自由黨組織的示威活動吸引了數百人參加，他們要求政府因空氣污染、交通擁堵、貧困、腐敗、稅收和失業問題辭職。 2025 年 5 月至 6 月，社群媒體貼文曝光了總理家人的奢侈生活方式，引發了持續的抗議活動。蒙古年輕人聚集在蘇赫巴托爾廣場，要求總理奧雲·額爾德納·魯布桑南斯拉伊辭職。抗議活動持續了兩個多星期，導致不信任投票，總理於 2025 年 6 月初辭職。超過 59,000 人簽署請願書，表示對高通膨、新聞自由限制和腐敗感到不滿。抗議者阻塞了道路交通，包括主要幹道。請避免參加大型公眾集會和示威活動。請關注當地媒體的最新消息。即使是和平示威也有可能演變成對抗，並升級為暴力事件。有報導稱，執法部門使用過度武力並進行任意逮捕以驅散抗議活動。在大型抗議活動期間，預計警力將加強，交通將受到干擾。

應避免的區域

在烏蘭巴托，需特別注意以下幾個區域。國家百貨大樓及其周邊地區是有組織扒手團伙的目標，他們會在出入口和電梯處犯案。蘇赫巴托爾廣場曾發生犯罪者假扮警察搶劫旅客的事件。馬戲團週邊地區是另一個有組織扒竊活動的熱點地區。 Naraantuul（黑市）和其他露天市場是扒手的熱門地點，尤其是在人潮擁擠的時候。中央郵局的輕微犯罪案件增加。成吉思汗國際機場也是有組織團夥搶劫和扒竊的目標。請避開烏蘭巴託的北部、西北部和東北部郊區，因為這些地區被認為是搶劫的高風險地區。在這些地方，外國人很容易被識別。市中心和南部齋桑周圍的街區更安全，也更發達。在蒙古農村地區，避免飲用溪流、湖泊和其他水源，因為牲畜經常在附近吃草，污染水源。偏遠地區由於基礎設施匱乏、缺乏警力以及極端天氣條件，會帶來許多挑戰。在沙塵暴季節（五月和六月）前往戈壁沙漠地區旅行，您將面臨嚴重的安全風險。請務必在經驗豐富的導遊和適當裝備的陪同下前往偏遠地區。