Cholera Transmission Continues in Nigeria - Update

In the third week of July 2024, the Nigeria Centre for Disease and Control reported 170 new cases of cholera and 3 deaths. The total number of cases in the current outbreak has reached slightly more than 4,800 infected people of whom 156 have died from this infection. Cases have occurred in 35 states including Lagos, Kogi, and Zamfara.

Advice

Most infected individuals, approximately 75%, do not show any symptoms. However, in those who do exhibit symptoms, only a small proportion develop a severe form of the disease. All travellers can minimize the risk of exposure to this disease. Strictly observe all food and water precautions in any area where there is cholera. If gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., vomiting and profuse watery diarrhoea) develop while visiting the affected area, travellers should seek medical care at once.

Currently, there are three WHO pre-qualified oral cholera vaccines: Dukoral, Shanchol, and Euvichol-Plus. All three vaccines require two doses for full protection. Due to a large number of cholera outbreaks and a limited global supply of vaccines, WHO is temporarily recommending only one dose of cholera vaccine in outbreak situations.

The U.K. National Travel Health Network and Centre recommends the oral cholera vaccine for some travellers whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk when travelling to areas of active cholera transmission. There is an increased risk of acquiring cholera for aid workers; for those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to potable water and medical care; and for travellers for whom vaccination would be considered potentially beneficial, e.g., persons with chronic medical conditions.

 The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the cholera vaccine for travellers who are 18-64 years of age and who plan to travel to areas of active cholera transmission. CDC notes that most travellers do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission and that safe food and water practices can prevent many cholera infections.