Oropuche Fever Spreads in Multiple Countries - Update

The Oropuche fever virus has spread to countries in the Americas that have not previously experienced outbreaks. Brazil with almost 8,000 reported cases has been the most affected country, followed by Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba, Perú and the Dominican Republic. Europe (30 cases), the United States (21 cases) and Canada (1 case) have reported sporadic cases in travellers returning from the affected countries. There are reports of some deaths associated with the virus and a few reports of transmission during pregnancy causing congenital malformations.

Advice

The virus that causes Oropouche Fever is usually transmitted in the Amazon Basin of South America where it may cause large and explosive disease outbreaks. The virus is transmitted through mosquito, tick and midge bites. When these insects become infected with the virus, the virus can be transmitted to animals (sloths, marsupials, primates, birds) and humans through the insect bite. Transmission to humans is primarily by the bite of the midge. The bite of the midge carrying Oropouche virus feels like a sharp prick and an irritation or lump may appear and last for a few hours or days.  Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, pain behind the eyes, chills and vomiting.

Avoiding contact with infected midges, especially during the rainy season, is the primary preventative measure. Avoid insect breeding sites (swamps, stagnant water, marshes, decomposing vegetation etc.). If possible, use insect repellent containing 20 percent or more of DEET and wear protective clothing to cover exposed skin. This advice may be important to follow during pregnancy since spread to the unborn child may be possible.